DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION

As student of Biology, I am delighted to hear about discovery of 200 new species in Eastern Himalayas where I had participated in military operations conducted by Special Frontier Force.

Carolus Linnaeus(1707 – 1778), Swedish botanist, a doctor of Medicine, and explorer was the first to frame principles for defining ‘genera’ and ‘species’ of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them. He developed a branch of Science called Taxonomy, the systematic categorization of organisms. His binomial system of nomenclature is still followed to describe modern discovery of plant and animal species.

WHAT IS SPECIES?

Species is a term of Classification in which living things are either grouped or separated by using a set of characteristics. Species is fundamental unit of Classification to describe populations of morphologically similar, interbreeding or potentially interbreeding individuals that share the same collection of inherited characteristics whose combination is unique to that Species. A “GENUS” is a group in which the members differ specifically while sharing certain common traits. Species differ from one another while they belong to a generic group.

A Species always breeds true and its members always generate organisms which can be classified as belonging to the same species., however much they vary among themselves as individuals within the group. The sub-groups, the ‘races’, or ‘varieties’ of Species are able to breed with one another but diverse species cannot interbreed. Organisms different in species cannot reproduce productively and if crossbred, they produce a sterile hybrid. Offspring will always be of the same Species as the parent organism.

Species is distinguished by its ability to maintain its stability from generation to generation. Species is self-perpetuating and hence they maintain stability of all other groupings like ‘Genera’, ‘Families’, ‘Orders’, ‘Classes’, and ‘Phyla’ which remain as fixed from generation to generation. As identity of Species remains fixed from generation to generation, identity of ‘Genera’, ‘Families’, ‘Orders’, ‘Classes’, and ‘Phyla’ remains fixed. The variations generated in the breeding process are never enough to change the basic criteria applied in identification of Species. For this reason, Species of living things appear to be ‘immutable’ in type throughout the ages.

BIOGENETIC LAW OF GENERATION AND PROPAGATION

Generation means to produce offspring. Propagation describes ability to transmit hereditary characteristics by reproduction. Biogenetic Law or the Law of Natural Generation states the principle that living organisms originate only from other living organisms closely similar to themselves; generation of organisms in that way.

The Origin of a new form of Life may lie outside operation of ‘natural mechanisms'(such as reproduction), natural processes, natural causes, and natural events. The arrival of a new form of Life cannot be entirely accounted by examining natural conditions that prevail on Earth. If Origin of Life cannot be explained as a natural phenomenon, I would ask my readers to consider the possibility of ‘Supernatural’ mechanism, cause, processes, or events.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

200 new animal and plant species discovered in the Himalayas

05 October 15 by BECCA CADDY

A fish that can walk (kind of), another with Dracula fangs and a monkey that can’t stop sneezing are all part of a range of newly discovered plant and animal life found in the Himalayas.
The discoveries are detailed in a report from the WWF, detailing more than 200 animal and plant species that are new to science. Hidden Himalayas. Asia’s Wonderland documents the new species that have been encountered and officially described over the past six years in the eastern Himalayas.

Described by WWF as “one of the biologically richest areas on earth”, the region encompasses Nepal, Bhutan and the northern Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Sikkim. It also includes areas of north Bengal, Myanmar and southern Tibet.

Over the past six years, 133 plants, 39 invertebrates, 26 fish, 10 amphibians, one reptile, one bird and one mammal have been discovered.
Here are some of the most interesting:

Walking “Fishzilla”

Vibrant blue walking snakehead fish
Henning Strack Hansen

The blue Dwarf ‘Walking’ Snakehead fish, officially named Channa andrao, was discovered in a swamp in West Bengal, India.
There are a number of snakehead fish species in the area, but this one is different because it has a distinguishing colour pattern, dorsal and anal fin rays and lateral-line scales.
And like some other snakeheads, it can also survive on land. That’s right, this fish is able to breathe atmospheric air and live on the land for up to four days. What does it do when it’s there? Well, it moves like a clumsy-looking snake and can travel a whole quarter of a mile like that. Which is why some have dubbed it the “walking fish” or, rather harshly, “fishzilla”.

Shy Spotted Bird

Spotted-Wren-babbler
Ramki Sreenivasan

There are more than 1,000 species of birds in the Himalayas. But that doesn’t mean there isn’t room for one more teeny tiny one.
Meet the spotted wren-babbler, more formerly known as Elachura formosa, a small bird that hangs out in the thick undergrowth found in dense Himalayan forests.
It’s got no close lineage, which means a whole new family of bird has been created, the Elachuridae, just for this one spotted species.

Described by WWF as “extremely secretive and difficult to observe”, the babbler is only 10cm long and the males of the species have a high-pitched song, which is unusual for Asian birds.

Blue-Eyed Frog

Bompu Litter Frog
Sanjay Sondhi

There have been ten new amphibian discoveries documented over the past six years in the Himalayas and the Leptobrachium Bompu is one of the most interesting.

The Indian L.Bompu is different to other species of frog because of its impressive peepers. Its eyes are a strikingly grey-blue hue and its pupils are vertically aligned. It also has wrinkled skin and a number of distinct markings on its body.

According to WWF, the frogs are small (47mm) but also calm and docile. If picked up, they’re likely to make a loud “kek- kek-kek-kek” call.

Horned Frog

L.Bompu isn’t the only interesting new frog on the report, meet Megophrys ancrae, a so-called “horned frog”.

The horned frog is usually hard to spot because it’s so well-camouflaged. Parts of its skin even mimic the look of veins on leaves, so these frogs can sit on the forest floor and be mistaken for dead, shrivelled leaves from the trees above.

Found mainly in two large protected forests in Arunachal Pradesh, the frog measures between 2cm and 12.5cm and has two distinct horns, which are actually its eyebrows.

“The challenge is to preserve our threatened ecosystems before these species, and others yet unknown are lost”

Sami Tornikoski, leader of the WWF Living Himalayas Initiative

Sneezing “Snubby” Monkey

The discovery of the “sneezing monkey”, a large mammal is seen as hugely significant.

Found in the remote region of the far north Myanmar, the monkey has been well-known to local people for years and has been nicknamed “snubby”. The monkey gets its name from its unusual sneezing habit — it sneezes when rain gets in its nose, which is turned upwards towards the sky. This is the reason many of the sneezing monkeys (or Rhinopithecus strykeri) sit with their head between their knees when the weather turns drizzly.

There have only been a few photos taken of the snub-nosed monkey, which has led experts to classify it as “critically endangered”.

Vampire fish

Twenty-six different species of fish have been discovered over the past six years in freshwater from the Himalayan mountains to the subtropical lowlands.
Found in a stream in the far north Myanmar, the “Dracula minnow” (Danionella dracula) is strikingly unique. It’s different to similar genus of fish because it has actual fangs at the front of each jaw — the evolutionary cause of which is still unknown. It’s not too scary though, measuring only 16.7mm.

Bejewelled pit viper

Protobothrops himalayansus, pit viper
Liang Zhang

A new viper has been found with a distinctive red, orange and yellow pattern that the WWF likened to “a carefully crafted piece of jewellery”. Named the Himalayan lance-headed pit viper (Protobothrops himalayansus), this shiny snake is known to inhabit trees and has extremely toxic venom.

And it isn’t just its markings that set it apart from similar snakes — it also measures 1.5m long.

“The Eastern Himalayas is at a crossroads”

Sami Tornikoski, leader of the WWF Living Himalayas Initiative

A new orchid

There have been some interesting new botanical discoveries too, and one of the most beautiful is this new species of orchid.
Found in Nepal, Bulbophyllum nepalense has an unusual structure of oblong dorsal sepals, elliptic petals and an oblong decurved ligulate lip.

As well as providing details of new species, the WWF report also highlights some of the threats facing the region. Only 25 percent of the original habitats in the region are currently intact and many of the species are considered to be globally threatened.

“The challenge is to preserve our threatened ecosystems before these species, and others yet unknown are lost,” said Sami Tornikoski, leader of the WWF Living Himalayas Initiative said.

“The Eastern Himalayas is at a crossroads. Governments can decide whether to follow the current path towards fragile economies that do not fully account for environmental impacts, or take an alternative path towards greener, more sustainable economic development,” he added.

© Condé Nast UK 2015

BIOTIC INTERACTIONS – SPIRITUAL VS PARASITIC

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Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology 2015 is won by three scientists, Dr. William C. Campbell of United States, Dr. Satoshi Omura of Japan, and Dr. Youyou Tu of China. This Nobel Award recognizes importance of problems posed by ‘PARASITISM’. While paying my humble tribute to these three scientists, I would like to share some information on Biotic Interactions.

BIOTIC COMMUNITY AND BIOTIC INTERACTIONS

A biological or biotic community consists of two or more interacting and interdependent populations of living organisms. The life of the community and of all organisms in it requires energy. No species lives in isolation from other species in a biological or biotic community. Two kinds of Biotic Interactions are described; 1. Intraspecific Biotic Interactions between members of the same species, and 2. Interspecific Biotic Interactions between members of two or more different species. Biotic Interactions may involve nutritional benefits, space in which to live, shelter, or protection, transport, or reproductive capability. Biotic Interactions are significant not only because they influence individual species but also because they constitute the principal stabilizing connective linkages among various species contained in a biotic community. Individual members of any given species in a biotic community persist in relative harmony because of Biotic Interactions despite individual gains and losses. As a consequence of this web of interactions, the biotic community as a whole persists with all of its members ultimately contributing to its continuation.

HUMAN BODY AS A BIOTIC COMMUNITY

Human body consists of about 100 trillion independent, individual, living cells. Human body carries about ten times(10 times 100 trillion) as many microorganisms in the gastointestinal tract. Man has to be always recognized as a natural host of a diverse biotic community. The microbes that colonize man often perform functions beneficial to the host. Man provides microbes a protected place to live and an environment that is rich in nutrients. This mutual beneficial relationship is always present during the entire course of life after birth.

MUTUALISM, COMMENSALISM, AND PARASITISM

Mutualism or Symbiosis describes Biotic Interactions with mutual advantage to both or all organisms involved. It is living together of two kinds of organisms and such association is of mutual advantage. Commensalism describes Biotic Interactions that involve a close association or union between two kinds of organisms in which one is benefited by the relationship and the other is neither benefited nor harmed. The term ‘Parasite’ is used to describe a plant or animal that lives on or in an organism of another species from which it derives sustenance or protection without benefit to, and usually with harmful effects on the host. Thus Parasitism is a Biotic Interaction in which the parasite is benefited and the host is usually harmed with serious consequences. There are numerous parasites that contribute to human pain, misery, and suffering. Onchocerciasis is a fly-transmitted tropical disease in which parasitic filarial worms(Genus. Onchocerca) cause tumors, skin lesions, and blindness(River Blindness). Lymphatic Filariasis is caused by another genus of roundworm or nematode. Malaria is an infectious disease, generally intermittent and recurrent, caused by Protozoans(Genus. Plasmodium) that are parasitic in human Red Blood Cells and are transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito, especially the female Anopheles. Malaria is characterized by severe chills and fever. Plasmodium parasite is a formidable enemy to man’s existence. A medical historian described the proboscis of female Anopheline Mosquito, “Down this tiny tube crept the microscopic poison which swept away two of the mightiest empires the world has ever seen.”

SPIRITUAL BIOTIC INTERACTIONS

The term ‘Spiritual’ describes the nature of relationship, partnership, association, bonding, connection, or Biotic Interaction between two living entities based upon characteristics such as compassion, kindness, sympathy, cooperation, voluntary assistance, mutual tolerance, voluntary subservience, functional subordination, or ‘altruism’ to provide some benefit to another member participating in the Biotic Interaction.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

Work that won Nobel Prize for medicine 2015 – BBC News

BIOTIC INTERACTIONS – SPIRITUALISM VS PARASITISM

Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 2015 is won by three scientists, Dr. William C. Campbell of United States, Dr. Satoshi Omura of Japan, and Dr. Youyou Tu of China. This Nobel Award recognizes importance of problems posed by ‘PARASITISM’. While paying my humble tribute to these three scientists, I would like to share some information on Biotic Interactions.

BIOTIC COMMUNITY AND BIOTIC INTERACTIONS

A biological or biotic community consists of two or more interacting and interdependent populations of living organisms. The life of the community and of all organisms in it requires energy. No species lives in isolation from other species in a biological or biotic community. Two kinds of Biotic Interactions are described; 1. Intraspecific Biotic Interactions between members of the same species, and 2. Interspecific Biotic Interactions between members of two or more different species. Biotic Interactions may involve nutritional benefits, space in which to live, shelter, or protection, transport, or reproductive capability. Biotic Interactions are significant not only because they influence individual species but also because they constitute the principal stabilizing connective linkages among various species contained in a biotic community. Individual members of any given species in a biotic community persist in relative harmony because of Biotic Interactions despite individual gains and losses. As consequence of this web of interactions, the biotic community as a whole persists with all of its members ultimately contributing to its continuation.

HUMAN BODY AS A BIOTIC COMMUNITY

Human body consists of about 100 trillion independent, individual, living cells. Human body carries about ten times(10 times 100 trillion) as many microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Man has to be always recognized as a natural host of a diverse biotic community. The microbes that colonize man often perform functions beneficial to the host. Man provides microbes a protected place to live and an environment that is rich in nutrients. This mutual beneficial relationship is always present during the entire course of life after birth.

MUTUALISM, COMMENSALISM, AND PARASITISM

Mutualism or Symbiosis describes Biotic Interactions with mutual advantage to both or all organisms involved. It is living together of two kinds of organisms and such association is of mutual advantage. Commensalism describes Biotic Interactions that involve a close association or union between two kinds of organisms in which one is benefited by the relationship and the other is neither benefited nor harmed. The term ‘Parasite’ is used to describe a plant or animal that lives on or in an organism of another species from which it derives sustenance or protection without benefit to, and usually with harmful effects on the host. Thus Parasitism is a Biotic Interaction in which the parasite is benefited and the host is usually harmed with serious consequences. There are numerous parasites that contribute to human pain, misery, and suffering. Onchocerciasis is a fly transmitted tropical disease in which parasitic filarial worms(Genus. Onchocerca) cause tumors, skin lesions, and blindness(River Blindness). Lymphatic Filariasis is caused by another genus of roundworm or nematode. Malaria is an infectious disease, generally intermittent and recurrent, caused by Protozoans(Genus. Plasmodium) that are parasitic in human Red Blood Cells and are transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito, especially the female Anopheles. Malaria is characterized by severe chills and fever. Plasmodium parasite is a formidable enemy to man’s existence. A medical historian described the proboscis of female Anopheline Mosquito, “Down this tiny tube crept the microscopic poison which swept away two of the mightiest empires the world has ever seen.”

SPIRITUAL BIOTIC INTERACTIONS

The term ‘Spiritual’ describes the nature of relationship, partnership, association, bonding, connection, or Biotic Interaction between two living entities based upon characteristics such as compassion, kindness, sympathy, cooperation, voluntary assistance, mutual tolerance, voluntary subservience, functional subordination, or ‘altruism’ to provide some benefit to another member participating in the Biotic Interaction.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

Work that won Nobel Prize for medicine 2015

By Michelle Roberts Health editor, BBC News online

5 October 2015

Image copyright Science Photo Library Image caption People with swollen legs due to severe lymphatic filariasis

The Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine has been split two ways for groundbreaking work on parasitic diseases.

The research, by William C Campbell, Satoshi Omura and Youyou Tu, has led to drugs to treat diseases affecting more than 3.4 billion people around the world.

One of them, malaria, most people have heard of. But the other two illnesses, onchocerciasis or “river blindness” and lymphatic filariasis or “elephantiasis” – both caused by roundworm parasites – are lesser known.

Image copyright Science Photo Library Image caption Blindness occurs as an allergic reaction when the worms die in or near tissues of the eye

People catch these worms from bites from infected insects such as flies or mosquitoes.

Left untreated, the worms grow and multiply, causing disabling symptoms in their host.

The drug Ivermectin kills the first larval stage of the parasite – the babies of adult female worms.

Image copyright SPL Image caption Feeding flies spread the parasite

William C Campbell discovered this by studying bacteria living in soil samples obtained by Satoshi Omura from a Japanese golf course in Ito City, in the Shizuoka region.

One particular strain of bacterium, Streptomyces avermitilis, caught his eye because of its potent anti-parasitic properties.
Working with drug company Merck and Co, he then set about purifying this agent.

Since 1987, Merk (MSD) has given ivermectin away free to those countries that need it most.

Image copyright SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY Image caption Drugs can cure early infection, but advanced disease is harder to treat

Last year, it donated more than 300 million doses to treat river blindness and elephantiasis.

Meanwhile, Chinese scientist Youyou Tu had been focusing her attentions in the 1960s and 70s on finding a new treatment for malaria.
The staples quinine and chloroquine were failing because the parasite that causes malaria – Plasmodium falciparum – had learned how to evade their attack.
Disheartened by the lack of effective drugs to tackle this mosquito-borne disease, the professor turned to traditional medicine to hunt for a new option.

Chinese medicine

She found that an extract from the sweet wormwood plant Artemisia annual was sometimes effective – but the results were inconsistent, so she went back to ancient literature, including a recipe from AD350.

This ancient document – Ge Hong’s A Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies – recommended a handful of qinghao [the Chinese name for the plant extract] immersed in two litres of water, “wring out the juice and drink it all”.

Image copyright AFP/GETTY

This she did (with a few tweaks), testing it on herself as well as animals in her lab.

She said: “During the Cultural Revolution, there were no practical ways to perform clinical trials of new drugs. So, in order to help patients with malaria, my colleagues and I bravely volunteered to be the first people to take the extract.

“After ascertaining that the extract was safe for human consumption, we went to the Hainan province to test its clinical efficacy, carrying out antimalarial trials with patients,” she wrote in Nature Medicine.

Her discovery eventually led to the creation of an antimalarial drug – artemisinin – that is still relied upon today.

The World Health Organization credits the expanding access to artemisinin-based combination therapies in malaria-endemic countries as a key factor in driving down deaths in recent years.

In 2013, 392 million ACT treatment courses were procured by endemic countries – up from 11 million in 2005.
But artemisinin-resistant strains of malaria are emerging.

As of February 2015, artemisinin resistance had been confirmed in five countries:
Cambodia Laos Myanmar, also known as Burma Thailand VietnamAnd so the quest for new drugs continues.

Copyright © 2015 BBC.

BHARAT DARSHAN – DEVI NAVARATRI – GOD BOTH MALE AND FEMALE

In Physics, Power/Energy/Force is not associated with gender. But, when living things exist as male and female, description of Power/Energy/Force may have gender association.  In Indian tradition, ‘Deva’ means God and ‘Devi’ means Goddess. Devi in Indian tradition is personification of God’s Supreme Power/Force/ Energy or ‘SHAKTI’. To fully account for human existence, man needs two distinct or separate Principles that come together to produce harmonious singular identity of man. The issue is not about God’s gender. Father Principle is called Originating Principle. Mother Principle is called Source Principle, for Mother is Source of Matter, Energy, and Knowledge to establish Life. Father provides Identity to human form, Mother provides Substance, the structural and functional basis of human form.

During 2015, Indians celebrate ‘DEVI NAVRATRI’ or ‘SHARAD NAVRATRI’ from October 13, to October 22. The term ‘Nav’ or ‘Nava’ means Nine. ‘Ratri’ means night. This celebration happens in a month called ‘ASVAYUJA’, the month in which Full Moon Day is associated with first star called ‘ASVINI’ in Indian Astrology.

Devi or Shakti is often called ‘DURGA’ for She is embodiment of great strength. She is also called BHADRAKALI, JAGADAMBA, ANNAPURNA, SARVAMANGALA, BHAIRAVI, CHANDIKA, LALITA, BHAVANI, AND MOOKAMBIKA. During the 9-Night or Navratri festival, Indians worship nine different forms of Goddess Durga with 1,000 names. She is simply adored as Divine Mother and often addressed as ‘MOTHER'(“MATA” or “MAA”) whatever may be the name or form She assumed on different occasions.

Goddess Shakti has three Supreme Forms called DURGA, SARASVATI, and LAKSHMI. In India, traditions vary from region to region. First 3 – days of Navratri are dedicated to Goddess Durga, following 3-days are dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi and concluding 3-days are dedicated to Goddess Sarasvati or Goddess of Knowledge, Wisdom, and Speech. On Monday, October 19, 2015, the Sixth Day or Shashthi ‘NAVARATRI’ is dedicated to Goddess called ‘KATYANI'(legendary daughter of a devotee by name ‘KATA’). On this day, Goddess Sarasvati is worshiped for this day is associated with a Nakshtra(Star) called ‘MOOLA’.

TAT ASMI PRABHO – CONSTITUTIVE AND REGULATIVE PRINCIPLES OF EXISTENCE

I recognize ‘TAT ASMI PRABHO’, a statement made by Indian thinker ‘SHANKARA’ as ‘Fifth Mahavakya’ or Fifth Great Aphorism, a short, concise statement of Principle expressing a general truth about man’s essence and man’s existence. The word ‘TAT’ refers to man’s essence that constitutes man’s identity in physical world. The word ‘ASMI’ refers to unity, harmony, agreement, concord, or arrangement of parts that will produce a singular effect that establishes oneness of that which is made up of distinct elements. The word ‘PRABHO'(PRABHU) refers to LORD GOD Creator as the Supreme Being or Supreme Power. To arrive at complete understanding of man’s existence, it is important to make distinction between Constitutive and Regulative Principles of Existence. To describe Constitutive and Regulative dimensions of Human Existence as subject matter of Natural Science, I would begin with my tribute to Immanuel Kant who explained difference between constitutive and regulative concepts.

CONSTITUTIVE AND REGULATIVE PRINCIPLES OF KANT’S PHILOSOPHY

The term ‘Constitute’ refers to having power to establish, appoint, or enact to make a thing what it is. It includes substances and their causal connections that may account for appearance of a thing. The term ‘Regulate’ means to rule, to adjust to a particular standard, to adjust so as to make operate accurately, to make methodical, orderly, a rule or law by which conduct is regulated. The term ‘Regulatory’ means ordered, prescribed, a person or thing that regulates, a mechanism for controlling or governing  movement of parts of an integrated System. Constitutive concepts and principles, regulative concepts and principles are central to Kant’s philosophy. In the Critique of Pure Reason this distinction marks the division between the faculty of reason and the faculty of understanding. The principles that objectively state what is present in the object itself, that is, what is constitution of its physical appearance, is Constitutive Principle. Such principles of pure understanding describe standard and necessary constituents of the world of appearance. Constitutive Principles are contrasted with Regulative Principles, which are rules to show how experience may be organized or regulated without reference to constitution of the object. Regulative Principles play no part in determining the objective character of the world of appearance. They are maxims, neither provable nor disprovable and are not to be understood as true or false. They serve to guide our inquiry within experience and lead us to transcend the limits of reason from the conditioned to the unconditioned. Kant recommends that we must observe the distinction between these two kinds of principles.

The faculty of understanding is constitutive of the possibility of experience. All experience must conform to the concepts and principles of the understanding, which are realized or instantiated in experience: experience contains substances, causal connections and so on. The faculty of reason, by contrast, is merely regulative in relation to experience. Although reason plays an indispensable role in experience, the concepts used in reasoning process, such as the idea of God, or the idea of world as a complete totality, cannot be realized or instantiated in experience at all. Nevertheless, ideas of reason still function legitimately to guide empirical inquiry of objects that can be given experience.

HUMAN EXPERIENCE – CONSTITUTIVE AND REGULATIVE PRINCIPLES OF EXISTENCE

Man is the Subject and is the Object of his experience called Human Existence. Such experience requires operation of two principles; 1. Mass or Substance that constitutes what is present in the Object itself without which there can be no understanding, and 2. Gravitation Force or Power that regulates Subject’s experience of Object’s Mass or Substance. The experience of human existence will be incomplete without Regulative Principle or Power. Regulative Concept and Principle helps in complete understanding of the constitution and connection of the Subject with Object of experience. Man knows that he exists for he has experience of his own body weight. Gravitation is a Regulative Force or Power that organizes or regulates man’s experience without reference to constitution of the Object. All things that have Mass experience the same Regulative Force or Power but Regulative Principles play no part in determining the objective character of the world of appearance. Man has Subjective experience of Objective reality of his body Mass for he is constituted of a principle that has awareness or consciousness of such Subjective experience. Gravitation does not determine constitution of man or man’s ability called understanding.

For experience of Body Weight, body mass is the Constitutive Principle that determines man’s physical appearance in the world. But, this experience of body weight is not the same at all locations in universe. Gravitational Force is the Regulative Principle that regulates or governs man’s experience of his body mass or weight. The faculty of Reasoning is more concerned with Regulative Concepts and Principles and it is important for it provides the complete understanding of experience of Body Weight.

Man has experience of Body Weight for he thinks he is a stationary object. In realty, every point on the surface of Earth partakes in the motions of Earth. Man exists on the surface of a fast, spinning object. If man has direct, sensory experience of the speed of Earth, man will not have the opportunity to have sensory experience of his Body Weight. Regulative Concept and Principle is of fundamental value in understanding of constitution of man as a living object with sensory experiences. In its regulative use, reason guides our work in striving for knowledge, helping us to correct errors and arrive at more comprehensive insights.

There are several Regulative Principles that govern man’s existence as a mortal Physical Being. Man exists in world without ability to rule, govern, or regulate living functions performed by individual, living cells of his own body. It is not easy to prove operation of such Regulative Principles using method of experimental verification. The problem is that of constructing existence using, assembling, and putting together the building blocks of human existence. But, using faculty of Reasoning, man can declare that the things in World must be considered as if they derive their existence from a higher Source of Knowledge called God or ‘PRABHU’. It does not mean that faculty of Reasoning can define God as an Object and give description of what constitutes thing called God. However, faculty of Reasoning as it is related to Regulative Concepts and Principles will provide guidance to relate man’s constitution and connection with all objects of his experience. Faculty of Reasoning will guide man to use ‘Devotion’ as a method of Scientific Inquiry for man cannot construct his own existence.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

TAT ASMI PRABHO – FIFTH MAHAVAKYA – MATERIAL vs SPIRITUAL DUALISM

In Indian tradition, the phenomenon of universe, world, and everything that exists is divided into three fundamental orders; 1. Matter, 2. Soul, and 3. God. To account for three distinct orders, Indian tradition applies three fundamental divisions or Dualism; 1. Animate – Inanimate, 2. Material – Spiritual, and 3. Natural – Supernatural. Any study of Life and Consciousness demands proper understanding of Material vs Spiritual Dualism.

The dimension called ‘Matter’ is easy to understand as matter occupies space, matter has mass, and matter has properties that can be measured or verified. Natural Sciences like Physics and Chemistry explain matter is constituted by Chemical Elements which can be known by their properties and consistent configuration called Atomic Numbers. The Fundamental Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy describe that matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Chemical Elements have attributes such as indestructibility, imperishability, immutability, immortality, and can be said to be eternal or unborn. Some of these attributes of matter are attached to the second order called Soul. There is no surprise if Soul is described as unborn, eternal, indestructible, immortal, immutable, uncreated, and imperishable. There is association between Matter and Soul as they share same or similar attributes and their distinction becomes apparent when observing and experiencing their interactions. There will be a concern about mass, weight, volume, space, and similar physical quantities if Soul is explained as a material substance. At the same time, there is no need to explain Soul as an immaterial substance or entity which cannot be known or experienced. The order called Soul accounts for fundamental distinction between living and nonliving matter in which we can study the same physical or chemical Elements. The difference between sensible and insensible matter involves recognition of functional attributes such as Consciousness and Intelligence, which are cognitive functions. Living Matter is aware of something. What is this something which living things know about? Living things are essentially aware or conscious of the fact of their own living condition, at a given place, given time, and given external environmental conditions. In this context, Consciousness has to be defined as a biological or living function that is primarily concerned about knowing the fact of its living condition by a living entity. Since it is conscious, the living thing uses its implanted knowledge to obtain energy yielding molecules or matter from its external environment. Since this physiological function called ‘Nutrition’ involves use of stored information to perform a selective task for self-improvement or self- maintenance, it is described as intelligent operation. All living functions involve use of knowledge to perform guided, sequential, goal-oriented, purposeful actions often exploiting laws of physics and chemistry. In Indian tradition Soul is always identified with Knowledge(Jnana), and Chetana(Consciousness).

The terms ‘material’ and ‘spiritual’ are used to describe nature of things called material or spiritual. It is about characteristics not typically included in description of physical and chemical properties of Physical or Chemical Elements. When elements come together to interact and form chemical compounds, their nature changes, and the nature of those Elements cannot be discerned from studying nature of the Chemical Compound which is formulated by their chemical bonding. From taste of Salt, I cannot discover taste of Sodium or Chlorine. From tasting Water, I cannot discover nature of Hydrogen or Oxygen. The term ‘Spiritual’ is about that new nature or Tattva’ formulated by association, bonding, relationship, coming together, or partnership between entities. The term ‘spiritual’ can be used to describe the nature of relationship between energy demanding molecules of a living thing and energy yielding molecules found in its external environment. To experience taste of Salt or Water we need structural complexity termed as Compounds and structures like atoms and subatomic particles cannot by themselves contribute to that experience. Similarly, to observe or experience Consciousness, entities need structural complexity derived from participation of a variety of molecules and hence atoms and subatomic particles when acting alone are not capable of performing functions associated with Consciousness.

Virus(DNA or RNA molecule) represents a simplest living form that is conscious of its own existence, uses knowledge to perform intelligent operations while it exploits energy and matter from another living host. Virus has Soul or Spirit for it has formulated a spiritual relationship for its own benefit and to sustain its living condition or existence.

Indian tradition often makes distinction between human body and human Soul. The first is said to be perishable and the second is said to be imperishable. This distinction is not based upon Material vs Spiritual Dualism. In Indian concept, the physical form or morphological appearance is called perishable for it ignores fundamental material nature of Chemical Elements. Man’s physical appearance changes under the influence of time right from moment of conception. This changing Identity is possible for it is operated by an unchanging principle called Spirit or Soul. Upanishadic Statements or Aphorisms called Four Mahavakyas fail to account for existence of a living entity called Man for they ignore Material vs Spiritual Dualism. 

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

On Mon, Nov 9, 2015 at 12:42 PM, ‘Dr. Bhaskar C. Harinath’ via Sadhu-Sanga Under the holy association of Spd. B.M. Puri Maharaja, Ph.D. wrote:

I have been going through the various points of view by learned Professors and intellectuals. After going through the summary of the paper (Bhakti Niskama Shanta (2015) Life and Consciousness – The Vedantic View, Communicative & Integrative Biology, 8:5, e1085138 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2015.1085138), I still feel that with the progress in modern physical science we have not yet reached the evidence to contradict Vedantic concept of “Organic Wholism”.
Not believing in vitalism (divine life force), famous biochemist Lehninger proposed the theory of Molecular logic of the ‘Living State’ and the objective of biochemistry is to determine how the collections of inanimate molecules found in a living organism interact with each other to constitute, maintain and perpetuate the living state with the capacity for self-organization and self replication. We are not able to make much headway so far.
We had interesting experience in replicating nature. Our interest has been to grow microfilariae (filarial parasite (100 microns)) into infective stage (1500 microns) larvae in vitro. We could observe microfilariae growing to sausage stage (1st stage) within 3 days and further no more development. This is in contrast to the development of infective larvae from microfilariae in mosquitoes within 15 days. No laboratory could replicate the nature. Similarly many biochemical reactions are feasible by enzymes (isolated from living organisms) than by chemical pathways. With admiration & appreciation of Nature and in humility, human curiosity and exploration should continue for benefit of mankind. During my recent visit to United States, I was pleased to see the Robotic Vacuum cleaner with dust awareness sensor doing on-the-spot cleaning and when the job is done, going back to the wall plug for getting recharged. These are small benefits of scientific research helping in day to day life.

Prof. B.C. Harinath

Sevagram

From: Anirban Bandyopadhyay

Sent: Tuesday, 3 November 2015 8:37 PM
Subject: Re: [Sadhu Sanga] “…abiogenesis is an insult to the life force.”

There is no distinctive Science for emergent materialism, I disagree strongly with David. While I agree that the belief that everything down to atom has consciousness is a wrong view, I do not think anyone ever said that. Similarly, mathematical formulation of emergent materialism is nothing but “machine view” of consciousness, we simply add additional function arising from the conformational arrangement of participating systems. It is just the other side of the same coin. Therefore the argument that it should not be “machine view” but emergent view of consciousness is a logical falsehood.

Consciousness is not resolved yet, therefore,preaching as if it has been categorized and resolved is non-scientific and driven by a blind religious faith called “scientology”.

We should be careful when we give ultimate view on consciousness, we do not know clearly what is information in the brain or biological system as per say. We have not yet scientifically defined consciousness property, so as a scientist we are careful, in the name of science,endorsing personal definition should also be given carefully.

Anirban

On Tue, Nov 3, 2015 at 8:32 PM, David Schwartzman wrote:

I do not agree with the arguments being made below. Science and religion have different methodologies, the former is based on experiment combined with theoretical work, the scientific method, the latter on reaffirming a tradition written in sacred texts. My final point: panpsychism, the belief that all entities down to the atom (even quarks?) have consciousness, is just as reductionist as mechanical materialism, the machine model for everything in the universe. In contrast, emergent materialism is a metatheory of scientific knowledge. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is a very simple way of expressing that the interaction of the parts, whether it be atoms in molecules, many molecules together, like in liquid water have properties such as surface tension which emerge from the interaction of the parts. Self-organization of matter gives rise to new levels of interaction of parts, stars, planets, cells, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, consciousness, societies. Thermodynamics of open systems helps understand the process of self-organization in the universe, the creation of new forms of organization by the export of entropy past the boundaries of the open system.

Good luck with your speculation and debates!

On Tue, Nov 3, 2015 at 5:54 AM, Sandeep Goel wrote:

What a brilliant an convincing reply by Dr. Shanta. I am sure Dr. Schwartzman will agree with this! Important points to be noted:
* Both materialistic and non-materialistic scientists are dependent on the ideas/grace to come to them from an unknown source. What is that source from which these new ideas come to the scientists by which they unravel the mysteries? This is a very important question that is not well understood in modern science. Vedāntic philosophy discusses this aspect in great details.

* Not only science is global but also it is unbiased. Therefore, science will not take the sides of either materialism or non-materialism. Science will follow the evidence wherever it may lead. Similarly, the Vedāntic concept of ‘Soul’ also creates the universal brotherhood (there is nothing like western soul or eastern soul).

If we are all brothers then why not find a common ground instead of engaged in endless fights between Science and Religion? Both Science and Religion are playing an important role in our society. Therefore, a harmony between Science and Religion will be a great achievement towards the upliftment of humanity.

– S.G.

On Mon, Nov 2, 2015 at 3:40 AM, Dr. Bhakti Niskama Shanta wrote:

Dear Prof. David Schwartzman

Thank you for making these important points and if we can understand properly and assimilate the essence of these conclusions from your points then it can help in establishing a lasting harmony between science and religion. I am summarizing the points that you made in the context of harmony between science and religion:
(1) Faith is an essential element in both materialism and non-materialism
(2) Neither materialistic nor non-materialistic scientists have all the answers. Like authentic scientific texts, bonafied religious traditions can only advise the ways to know the truth. To realize the truth one has to make sincere attempts. Both materialistic and non-materialistic scientists are dependent on the ideas/grace to come to them from an unknown source. What is that source from which these new ideas come to the scientists by which they unravel the mysteries? This is a very important question that is not well understood in modern science. Vedāntic philosophy discusses this aspect in great details.
(3) Not only science is global but also it is unbiased. Therefore, science will not take the sides of either materialism or non-materialism. Science will follow the evidence wherever it may lead. Similarly, the Vedāntic concept of ‘Soul’ also creates the universal brotherhood (there is nothing like western soul or eastern soul).
(4) You have told, “When we finally achieve contact with extraterrestrial intelligence then the test of commensurability of our knowledge with theirs is possible.” In the paper ‘Life and consciousness – The Vedāntic view’ it is explained:

“We can witness voluntary functions (the action that are apparently under the control of our mind) and involuntary functions in the living organisms. The things that we appear to control are due to our consciousness coming from our soul (ātman) and that which are not in our control (involuntary functions: complex cellular functions, heart beats, autonomous signals, and so on) are controlled by higher consciousness coming from Paramātma (super soul). Hence, Paramātma (source of infinite consciousness) is also known as the ground or sustainer of the ātman (finite consciousness).”

The topic under discussion “abiogenesis” is the best test of commensurability of our limited knowledge with Paramātma (super soul): “there will never be a Newton of the blade of grass, because human science will never be able to explain how a living being can originate from inanimate matter.”56

Sincerely,

B.N. Shanta

On Monday, 2 November 2015 1:55 AM, David Schwartzman wrote:
My short reply is that I have faith in the capacity of scientific research to unravel the mysteries of the universe.You have faith in your religious tradition, an ideology which by definition is complete, so all the answers are already provided by your sacred texts, just as is the case for believers in the literal truth of the Christian/Jewish bible.
Science is never complete and is the collective heritage of humanity. Scientific research is a collective process, so my individual faith in its capacity is continuously tested. And science is global, not Western.
When we finally achieve contact with extraterrestrial intelligence then the test of commensurability of our knowledge with theirs is possible.
On Sat, Oct 31, 2015 at 5:28 PM, Dr. Bhakti Niskama Shanta wrote:

Dear Prof. David Schwartzman

Why do you think that “Creationism is the real threat to global culture”?

As scientists, we do not create rivers, mountains, oceans, planets and so on. If you think that it is appropriate to give due credit and respect to those scientists who have created a few toys (like Airplanes, which fly for certain limited time) then the devotion of the theists is even more justified, where they want to glorify the original supreme sentient being (supreme scientist) behind the manifestation of gigantic planets, which are flying without any fuel from time immemorial.

Francis Bacon was one of the prominent personalities in natural philosophy and in the subject matter of scientific methodology during the shift from the Renaissance to the beginning of the modern era. For Bacon the value of power and utility is so immense that frequently truth, power and utility become identical concepts in his understanding. As Bourdeau stated:

“For Bacon we must subdue nature, penetrate its secrets and chain it to satisfy our desires. Man is the center of the world and the object of science is to dominate nature.” {P. Bourdeau (2004). The man-nature relationship and environmental ethics. J. Environmental Radioactivity, Vol. 72, 9-15}

In the past, nature was seen as a worshipable divine gift of God and after Bacon’s campaign all that has changed. Bourdeau further stated:

“… Now nature is threatened by man who has become detached from it. Technology has endowed humans with the power of a major geological agency, which may act on a continental or even planetary scale (e.g. acid rain, photochemical smog, radioactive contamination, stratospheric ozone depletion, climate change)… The relationship between man and nature must be reconsidered.”

No matter how grand a scientific venture may be, it certainly cannot capture the entire scope of reality. Modern science cannot control cosmos, suns, planets, seasons, and so on and so forth. Hence, science is forced to confine itself to an insignificant fraction of complete reality. As Sir Isaac Newton said, I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.

Cultivating false pride (ahańkāra) is certainly not the objective of science. The real purpose of science is to develop genuine humility.

At times the scientific schemes are exceedingly fruitful and many concepts appear to be firmly established in science. However, as time progresses, and with the development of new information, the same science recognizes new phenomena, which often fail to accommodate the firmly established old concepts. In such situations a portion of the scientific world tries to powerfully, and sometimes emotionally, preserve their belief in the old concepts. However, the empirical observations compel science to embrace the truth in the face of all such antagonism. 21st century biology is witnessing a movement of this nature, where the empirical evidence is forcing many prominent scientists to reject the old, widely used, abiogenesis (chemical evolution) and Darwinism (evolution of bodies). Some biologists, engrossed in the old disposition of Darwinism and abiology, want to preserve it at any cost. In such attempts, often they cannot recognize the blinkers they enforce on themselves due to their idealistic obligations rather than empirical inevitabilities. However, we must recognize the fundamental strength of science as rightly stated by a News article:

“The fundamental strength of science is that it compels its practitioners to confront their own fallibility… Science is not always right – very far from it. What marks it out from other fields of human endeavor is that, because of its formalized humility, it’s always ready to correct itself when it makes a mistake.”

You told “Students deserve to learn real science rather be told that creationist stories are equally valid as science (e.g. the Biblical account, as in some southern states in the U.S.).”

Why do you think that only materialism is science? Moreover, the students are not properly informed about the true status of the big claims made by materialism on the name of science. Please give some attention to the Joseph A. Kuhn’s statement in his interesting paper ‘Dissecting Darwinism’:

“When the Texas State Board of Education voted to recognize the weaknesses of Darwinian evolution in explaining the origin of the species, it was a result of 3 full days of intense debate and scientific dispute. In 2011, when new textbooks were presented to the State Board of Education, 9 out of 10 failed to provide the mandated supplementary curricula, which would include both positive and negative aspects of evolution (44). Moreover, several of the textbooks continued to incorrectly promote the debunked Miller-Urey origin of life experiment, the long-discredited claims about nonfunctional appendix and tonsils, and the fraudulent embryo drawings from Ernst Haeckel. In essence, current biology students, aspiring medical students, and future scientists are not being taught the whole story. Rather, evidence suggests that they continue to receive incorrect and incomplete material that exaggerates the effect of random mutation and natural selection to account for DNA, the cell, or the transition from species to species.”

You told “The research program on the origin of life is not mechanistic, rather another example of emergent materialism in action. It isn’t about “inventing novel laws”, rather both an experimental and theoretical approach (using e.g., thermodynamics) working out the material/energetic basis for the emergence of protocells.”

Please enlighten us how the emergent materialism will justify the appearance of sentience from matter, which is unconscious or impersonal. We have the empirical evidence to believe that every cell comes only from pre-existing cell. What is the scientific basis to justify your belief “The researchers in question haven’t claimed they have produced such protocells, YET. I fully expect that the experimental approach will succeed, sooner than many think.” ?

Kindly explain how the experimental and theoretical approach that you have stated will provide the answers to the two simple questions that I have asked before:
(1) What is the minimum number of parts that are essential for a living organism to survive?
(2) By what mechanism do these parts get assembled together?

You further told “The empirical evidence points to the origin of life early in Earth history, likely soon after the late heavy bombardment, some 4 to 4.3 billion years.”

What are the scientific credentials to believe those numbers “4 to 4.3 billion years”? Do you have any fossil data for last universal common ancestor?

You also told “I agree with Mayr, but again emergent/dialectical materialism is not equivalent to mechanical materialism, as Fred Engels pointed out in the 19th century. Further quoting from religious texts proves nothing. Why not quote from the more prophetic texts of ancient Indian materialists?”

Just changing the name from ‘mechanical materialism’ to ’emergent/dialectical materialism’ also proves nothing. By the way, are you aware of any prophetic texts of ancient Indian materialists?

Finally you told “You can’t have your scientific cake and eat it too believing non-materialism is vindicated.”

Unlike western civilization (rooted in science-religion conflicts), in Vedāntic tradition one can be a theist and yet he can be very scientific in his/her approach. You might have heard about yoga. Yoga means to establish the connection with unitary Supreme Cognizant Being. The central tenet of Vedānta (also known as Vedānta-sūtra) is that everything is dependent upon an original sentient/conscious foundation or self-knowing absolute truth. The first aphorism of Vedānta-sūtra states that under the guidance of a spiritually realized being, we must inquire into our true nature as spirit (athāto brahma jijñāsā). The second aphorism of Vedānta-sūtra provides the initial indication of how to begin this inquiry (janmādy asya yatah). Janma means birth, asya refers to everything (entire cosmos which includes both matter and life) and yatah means ‘from whom’. Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam is considered as a natural supplementary commentary on the Vedānta-sūtra. The first verse of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam elaborated the commentary of the second aphorism of Vedānta-sūtra (janmādy yato ńvayād itarataś cārthesv abhijñah svarāt). “Janmādy asya yatah” – the origin of everything is “abhijñah svarāt” – the unitary Supreme Cognizant Being. Therefore, to begin the inquiry into our true nature, we must first inquire into the original source of everything. Vedāntic explanation that unitary Supreme Cognizant Being is the source of everything is founded on two scientifically verifiable axiomatic facts: (1) Life comes from Life, and (2) Matter comes from Life. Applying reason and experience, anyone can verify the teachings of Vedānta.

Therefore, as a follower of Vedānta one must scientifically realize how the unitary Supreme Cognizant Being is the original source of everything and thus overcoming the desire of self glorification one can use his/her scientific endeavor to glorify the Supreme Absolute.

Sincerely,
B.N. Shanta

On Saturday, 31 October 2015 11:34 PM, David Schwartzman wrote:
Dear Dr. Shanta,

Thanks for your thoughtful response. Please see my comments below in your text.
On Sat, Oct 31, 2015 at 11:18 AM, Dr. Bhakti Niskama Shanta wrote:

Dear Prof. David Schwartzman

We also respect your belief on materialism, but your statement “Creationism and supernaturalism are by definition inconsistent with science. Only emergent materialism is consistent with the Theory and practice of science research” seems to be inappropriate. It is very sad to see that such an attitude (the historical conflicts between science and religion in western culture are intrinsic to the incompatibility between science practice/research and truth) still continues to badly influence many scientists and academicians around the world. It is extremely harmful to politicize and manipulate science for the mere political gains by using legal or economic pressure by government, business, or advocacy groups. Against the true goal of science, it also adversely influences the academic and scientific freedom. Manipulating public policy by campaigns to endorse the biased interests against scientific evidence is an attempt towards complete demolition of real essence of science. Our humble appeal is that for the good of human civilization everyone should realize that the real purpose of science is to encourage scientific research for the benefit of Mankind, and to follow the evidence wherever it may lead.

Creationism is the real threat to global culture rather than the historical conflicts between science and religion which were imperative to make scientific research possible, continually breaking the barriers put up by vitalism, e.g., the revolutionary Theories of Darwin and Oparin. Students deserve to learn real science rather be told that creationist stories are equally valid as science (e.g. the Biblical account, as in some southern states in the U.S.). Atheists are subject to public ridicule and persecution even in the U.S., and the situation is much worse in other countries where religious dogma is used to legitimate torture and murder of non-believers (e.g., recent examples in Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh). All of this of course does not justify State Terrorism in the name of democracy or any secular ideology, nor any discrimination against religious believers. The separation of church and state is essential for any real democracy, equality between believers and non-believers. And of course unity regardless of one’s religious belief is imperative to bringing the other world that is possible into reality, e.g., preventing catastrophic climate change while there is still time.

You have also mentioned that “Abiogenesis is now a fertile research program with the labs of Nick Lane and Mike Russell standing out as cutting edge.” Both Nick Lane and Mike Russell think that hydrothermal vent will be the answer to abiogenesis. I would like to bring your attention to the article ‘Is It Time To Throw Out ‘Primordial Soup’ Theory?’ published in NPR, where it is stated:

Is the “primordial soup” theory — the idea that life emerged from a prebiotic broth — past its expiration date?

Biochemist Nick Lane thinks so.

The article further states:

Instead of atmospheric gases and lightning, Lane’s team proposes that deep-sea, alkaline hydrothermal vents powered life’s predecessors.

At these vents, warm fluids percolate up through the ocean floor. When they react to ocean water, they form tiny, inorganic cells. Lane says these cells produce energy the same way that living cells do today: by harnessing chemical gradients across a membrane.

By replacing primordial soup with hydrothermal vent hypothesis will not solve the problem of materialism. We cannot claim that a system is alive just because it produces energy. In living organism, the unifying principle is sentience and how a mere mechanical or chemical manipulation can produce sentience is the main question that abiogenesis should answer. On this topic you can read one of our articles ‘Sorry, Darwin: – Chemistry Never Made The Transition To Biology’ which was presented as an invited talk at 100th Indian Science Congress and also in several universities and colleges. On the name of biology, following a reductionistic ideology, biologists in general try to invent novel laws using either a top-down or a bottom-up approach. However, as it is mentioned in the paper ‘Life and consciousness – The Vedāntic view’:

By metaphorically assuming an organism as a machine, biologists try to come to terms with many of its properties and features. Following this approach, biologists have only made an attempt to discover the physical properties and chemical processes of different biomolecules present within the body of a living organism. Such mechanical investigations of living organisms have always failed to provide any successful mechanical explanations of living organisms. Therefore, such a reductionistic analysis is just a pretension to study life, but in actuality it only deals with the study of dead matter (abiology).

The research program on the origin of life is not mechanistic, rather another example of emergent materialism in action. It isn’t about “inventing novel laws”, rather both an experimental and theoretical approach (using e.g., thermodynamics) working out the material/energetic basis for the emergence of protocells. The researchers in question haven’t claimed they have produced such protocells, YET. I fully expect that the experimental approach will succeed, sooner than many think.

You told “Artificial consciousness will be come sooner than you think, but perhaps not as fast as Ray Kurzweil has argued.” These are only faith based statements in support of materialism without any actual evidence to support the same. Empirical evidence only shows that “Life comes from Life – Biogenesis” or “Every Sentient System comes from a preexisting Sentient System”.

The empirical evidence points to the origin of life early in Earth history, likely soon after the late heavy bombardment, some 4 to 4.3 billion years.

As it is stated in the paper ‘Life and consciousness – The Vedāntic view’:

Kant explained, “one wheel in the watch does not produce another, and still less does one watch produce other watches.”55 In a living organism, the complex biomolecules are not just there for the sake of each other, but they also produce each other, maintain each other, and are dedicating units of an organic whole. Therefore, unlike machines, the generation, properties, and functions of the parts of an organism cannot be understood independently from the organism as a whole. The empirical evidence in frontier biology also confirms Immanuel Kant’s statement: “there will never be a Newton of the blade of grass, because human science will never be able to explain how a living being can originate from inanimate matter.”56 For confirmation, in his book This is Biology, 20th century’s leading evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr wrote:

“It is a little difficult to understand why the machine concept of organism could have had such long lasting popularity. After all, no machine has ever built itself, replicated itself, programmed itself, or been able to procure its own energy. The similarity between an organism and a machine is exceedingly superficial.”57

I agree with Mayr, but again emergent/dialectical materialism is not equivalent to mechanical materialism, as Fred Engels pointed out in the 19th century. Further quoting from religious texts proves nothing. Why not quote from the more prophetic texts of ancient Indian materialists?

Your statement “Vitalism has failed time and time again when posed as insurmountable obstacles to scientific knowledge” is true. Metaphorically some naturalists believed that, as an invisible gravitational force controls the motion of planets and stars, similarly, the movements and functions of a living organism are controlled by an invisible force (Lebenskraft or vis vitalis). Naturalists believing such a view are called vitalists and their metaphorical dependency on mechanical explanation of reality is the real cause of the downfall of vitalism. Scientists can explain the physics of motion of inanimate objects by laws of physics. However, a living organism has a ‘conscious self’, which is endowed with ‘free will’ or ‘self-determination’. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate, whether animated systems are based on certain additional principles that are beyond the domain of natural laws of the physics and there is a genuine need for a restructuring of the conceptual science of ‘animated systems’ – a non-materialistic spiritual biology.

This formulation is a contradiction in itself, and not a dialectical contradiction. If there are additional principles that can be demonstrated by scientific research, then scientific knowledge is enriched, expanding the natural laws of physics, chemistry etc. A non-materialist spirit, an example of “supernaturalism” is by definition beyond the scope of scientific research, hence based purely on religious speculation. You can’t have your scientific cake and eat it too believing non-materialism is vindicated.

Sincerely,

B.N. Shanta

On Friday, 30 October 2015 11:25 PM, David Schwartzman wrote:
I don’t know why I was put on this discussion list, but here are my two cents, with full respect for believers in the supernatural:Creationism and supernaturalism are by definition inconsistent with science. Only emergent materialism is consistent with the Theory and practice of science research. Abiogenesis is now a fertile research program with the labs of Nick Lane and Mike Russell standing out as cutting edge. Consciousness, with its convergent emergence in both mammals and birds (dolphins, elephants, the great apes and magpies pass the mirror test of self-recognition along with H. sapiens) likewise has a fertile research program. Artificial consciousness will be come sooner than you think, but perhaps not as fast as Ray Kurzweil has argued. Vitalism has failed time and time again when posed as insurmountable obstacles to scientific knowledge.

David Schwartzman
Professor Emeritus
Department of Biology
Howard University
Washington DC 20059

—-Messaggio originale—-
Data: 28/10/2015 16.02Ogg: Re: R: Re: [Sadhu Sanga] “…abiogenesis is an insult to the life force.”

I am not making this up.

As this email popped into my mailbox 30 minutes ago, my 3 year-old daughter called me over to her iPad and screamed PUPAE!

She then showed me a Video, which described research at the Georgetown University, wherein the brain neurons of a caterpillar were preserved intact, and throughout metamorphosis resulted in DNA conservation and a neurotransmitter / protein elaboration pair that was identical to that found in human hippocampus mid to long-term memory neurons. The DNA snps in the subsequent brains of the Monarch butterfly gave them memory of exactly which Milk-Weed Plant species… elaborating in addition, the neurotransmitters…identical to humans that conserve memory of certain smells…they needed to find, so that the metamorphosis cycle continues.

The research was part of a project that has proven that Caterpillars and Butterflies can ‘remember’ sentient affective and effector memory-reaction needs, because they possess (some of) the same neuronal mechanisms as do we.

I thought that was pretty interesting, and I didn’t know this. And, I happen to have a PhD in Comparative Animal Neurophysiology, and as an MD I practice Forensic Neurology.

So, Sergio and my 3-year-old Katja Arielle have taught this guy something magical, mysterious, and wonderful. And, a needed stake in the heart of my Hubris.

I also do not believe the timing was disconnected.

Thank you Sergio Canaveral, Spd. B.M. Puri Maharaja, Ph.D. whoever you are: I certainly will not mark your email address as Junk mail…to the contrary I will search out who you all are to discover and what else you may have to teach, that I need to learn.

And, Thank you Sergio and Katja.

Christopher C. Green, MD PhD FAAFS

Chairman, Med:For, Inc

Forensic & Translational Medicine
Assistant Dean / Asia Pacific

Wayne State School of Medicine
Professor, Neuroimaging – MRI
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences
Harper University Hospital
Detroit Medical Center

Institute for Brain Imaging
Chinese Academy of Sciences Lifetime Associate
National Research Council
National Academy of Sciences

—-Messaggio originale—-

Data: 28/10/2015 15.05

Ogg: Re: [Sadhu Sanga] “…abiogenesis is an insult to the life force.”

The universe is consciousness
Biological organisms are species of consciousness
Deepak Chopra
2013 Costa Del Mar Road
Carlsbad, CA 92009

On Oct 27, 2015, at 10:45 PM, Anthony wrote:

Does everything that has a life force have a soul? (seriously, nobody’s ever explained that to me)

…and if not, where does one draw the line? is there a soul in the mosquito drinking my blood? in the tapeworm? in the world’s largest underground fungus?

thank you.

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2015 22:25:58 +0000
Subject: Re: [Sadhu Sanga] “…abiogenesis is an insult to the life force.”

 

Gary:

It is amazing that mankind supposedlyevolved over a period of about 10,000 years. The Greeks then invented the presence of a soul within mankind.

What surprises me is if the early man, which was closer to being an ape, did not have a soul. Where and how did mankind find its soul?

To my perception, animals also must have souls. Look at the previous comment here that when you have a body with a certain condition may die but was recently alive at some time, only differed for these two situations by a life force. Could this be that soul and could not the same logic follow the issue that animals too also have souls?

Descartes never had the pain of my three animals as well as their different and distinct personalities…

Paul Murad
Morningstar Applied Physics, LLC
www.morningstarap.com
pm

From: Gary Francione

Sent: Tuesday, October 27, 2015 8:35 AM
Subject: Re: [Sadhu Sanga] “…abiogenesis is an insult to the life force.”
Actually, according to Descartes, the dog cannot feel happiness because the dog has no consciousness. Unlike most others, who recognized that nonhumans were conscious but claimed they were not self-aware, and therefore, were cognitively inferior to humans, Descartes at least appears to have rejected nonhuman consciousness at all. He really did appear to believe (although this not entirely clear because he contradicts himself in certain passages) that animals were automatons or machines.

Those of us who are not vegan embrace the idea that it is morally acceptable to consume or wear animals because, although sentient (and conscious), nonhumans are not self-conscious and, therefore, have no interest in continuing to live. They exist in an “eternal present” (to use Singer’s expression) and killing them is not a problem per se; as long as we minimize suffering, and act “humanely,” we are acting morally.

Putting aside that we do not treat animals “humanely” (whatever that word means) that position, articulated by Bentham and others in the 19th century and continued today by Singer and others, begs the question about whether human self-awareness is the only sort of self-awareness that is relevant. In my work, I have argued that to be sentient is to be self-aware and that one can be self-aware even if one lives in an “eternal present.”

Gary L. Francione
Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of Law
& Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Scholar of Law and Philosophy
Rutgers University School of Law
123 Washington Street
Newark, New Jersey 07102

 

THANKSGIVING TO SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION

On this Thanksgiving Day, Thursday, November 26, 2015, I give ‘THANKS’ to the US Social Security Administration for sowing seeds of doubts, disbelief, uncertainty, suspicion, ambiguity, unsettled feeling, skepticism, apprehension, anxiety and fear for this Agency has not clearly predicted course of my future mortal existence with or without receiving my monthly Retirement Income Benefits. I used this opportunity to question the basis for my uncertain opinion, lack of conviction, feelings of distrust, and my wavering courage to confront and overcome difficult challenges imposed by external circumstances that operate, rule, or govern factors affecting physical existence in a constantly changing world.

My Special Thanks to US Slave Driver, US Congress which enacted legislation in 1996 to reintroduce Slavery, Forced Labor, Involuntary Servitude, and Serfdom. These barriers to human freedom can be overcome through Faith and Belief that goes beyond limitations imposed by Doubt and Fear.

WHOLE CHRIST – WHOLE LOVE

To choose Jesus Christ as my Hope, to claim Jesus Christ as my Redeemer, to declare Jesus Christ as my Salvation, and to embrace Jesus Christ as my personal Savior, I have to overcome all doubts, eradicate all suspicions, defeat skepticism, and conquer Fear. There is no Victory unless and until my faith or belief is beyond all doubt.

There is no substitute, there is no choice, there is no option for finding Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in my living human condition; and there are no two ways of finding freedom from doubt, suspicion, uncertainty, and fear, for I cannot depend upon merits accrued through physical or mental work. No earthly Benefit Program or Insurance Payment is as dependable as Grace, Mercy, and Compassion of LORD God Creator. My mortal existence is conditioned by Divine Will and Divine Providence. Social Security Administration pays monthly Retirement Income Benefits but such Monthly Benefit Payments cannot replace the Promise, the Hope for Deliverance granted through Faith and Belief that is without doubt.

I wish you all the Blessings of Thanksgiving Day.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

TAT ASMI PRABHO – FIFTH MAHAVAKYA – ANIMATE VS INANIMATE DUALISM

Indian Schools of Thought, ADVAITA(NONDUALISM), VISISHTADVAITA(QUALIFIED NONDUALISM), and DVAITA(DUALISM) account for man and world by describing three fundamental orders called 1. God, 2. Soul, and 3. Matter. However, they fail to account for Animate vs Inanimate Dualism. This distinction is very important as most philosophers, religious scholars, and writers tend to separate human soul from its human body. Soul is explained as immortal, immutable, imperishable, indestructible, unborn, and even uncreated principle that is distinct from human body that is explained as perishable, insensible, inert, illusion, or even unreal. In my analysis, the division or separation of man into Imperishable Soul, and Perishable Body is fundamentally flawed.

ANIMATE VS INANIMATE DUALISM

The entire human organism is “SENSIBLE” for it receives and responds to stimuli from outside objects or agencies. Human body as such can cause or perceive physical sensation, susceptible to stimuli, and is changing or responding readily in presence of some external force or condition. Human body begins as a single, fertilized Egg Cell that constantly responds to changing stimuli and its response is manifested by varying morphological appearance from conception to death. The term ‘inanimate’ is used to imply ‘inert’ nature of matter that is without power to move, act, or resist, and often denotes having few or no active properties. The distinction or dualism or separation of animate and inanimate has to be discerned by observing functions and actions performed by Animate and Inanimate Matter. Actions are divided into two kinds; 1. Transitive Action, and 2. Immanent Action. Similarly, Performances are of two kinds; 1. Mechanical Operations, and 2. Vital Operations or actions done by Mechanical Power or Vital Power. Action of one inert body upon another is called Transitive Action. Heating a stone is a Transitive Action; in heating, the hot thing loses its own heat. In Immanent Action, the agent performing action is perfected by its own act. Unlike a stone exposed to Sun radiation, a plant grows and develops using Sun’s energy. Such growth and development involve sensing and understanding and the results of such actions remain in the agent performing such acts. The distinction or separation of Mechanical Operations and Vital Operations is marked by use of ‘INTELLIGENCE’ in performance of actions. Intelligent Performance involves purposiveness, guided to achieve a future end, selection of means or goal orientation, and sequential actions. Consciousness describes difference between vital operations and mechanical operations. Consciousness accounts for differences between vital powers and capacities of inert matter. Consciousness establishes the boundary between Animate and Inanimate Matter. The nature of actions performed can be examined by understanding Oxidation-Reduction Chemical Reactions, actions that are performed by both living and nonliving matter.

A forest fire generates light and heat but it lacks purposiveness of fire lit by man.

Man lits fire to accomplish a task such as preparing a meal in his kitchen or to perform a ritual called ‘Homa’, or ‘Yajna’ in Indian tradition. While man uses fire for a variety of purposes, a distinction has to be made between fire, combustion or rapid oxidation and Oxidation-Reduction Chemical Reaction used by living things to generate heat and energy to perform a range of living functions called ‘Metabolism’.

Living or Animate Matter has inherent ability to attract both living and nonliving matter found in its external environment to acquire energy, to manipulate energy, and to exploit energy taking advantage of mechanical principles shared by Physics and Chemistry.

Living Operations such as Photosynthesis and Respiration are vital functions for they provide energy to further perform a variety of Immanent Actions whose results are retained by agents of those acts.

A stone when heated acquires energy but stone has no ability to further manipulate and exploit that energy to perform sequential, goal-oriented actions. Mitochondria, intracellular organelle found inside living cells, are involved in performing oxidation-reduction chemical reactions to obtain energy, and to generate new forms of chemical energy to carry out a variety of living functions. Inert or Inanimate Matter is governed purely by mechanical principles and its transformations and processes obeying Laws of Physics and Chemistry. The Phenomenon of Life, and Animate Matter involves processes and transformations that go beyond obeying elementary Laws of Physics and Chemistry.

ETERNAL, IMMORTAL NATURE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

Both Animate and Inanimate Matter is made up of Chemical Elements which display characteristics that can be called eternal, immortal, immutable, imperishable, indestructible, unborn, and uncreated. Animate Matter exists because of this potential capacity or power of Inanimate Matter. There is cyclical flow of Chemical Elements in Nature where this transition from Animate to Inanimate Matter plays a crucial role to operate biological phenomena of Life and Death. While it is important to make distinction or separation of Animate and Inanimate Matter, it is important to note fundamental capacity or power of Chemical Elements to maintain physical and chemical properties without changing under the influence of ‘TIME’.

The division or separation, or distinction of man as perishable body and imperishable Soul is fundamentally flawed for both Animate and Inanimate Matter derive their nature from unvarying and unchanging properties of Chemical Elements. Animate vs Inanimate Dualism is primarily based upon Vital Operations and Mechanical Operations and it is not concerned with physical or chemical properties of Matter. To that extent, in my analysis, the Four Upanishadic Mahavakyas take an approach not supported by reality of Matter.

RUDRANARASIMHAM REBBAPRAGADA

BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

US CONGRESS SLAVE DRIVER – 150th ANNIVERSARY OF THE 13th AMENDMENT

At a ceremony held in Emancipation Hall of the United States Capitol Visitor Center on Wednesday, December 09, 2015, President Barack Obama and leaders of Congress commemorated the 150th Anniversary of the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution. House Speaker Paul Ryan in his remarks stated that the Constitution is Supreme Law of the Land. The 13th Amendment is just 43 words long. I want to examine if those 43 words govern, rule, and operate the lives of all inhabitants of this Land.

My readers should not be surprised if I describe US Congress as “Slave Driver.” The reason for my claim is based on a law enacted by US Congress in 1996 that amended US Social Security Act of 1935. This legal provision enacted by Congress is incorporated as Section 202(y) of the Social Security Act. It mandates that no benefits shall be payable to any alien in the United States without showing proof of lawful residency as determined by the Attorney General. This law violates the principle enshrined in those 43 words called the 13th Amendment. US Congress enacted legislation amending Social Security Act and that amended Social Security Act is fundamentally flawed for it is unconstitutional. It takes away property rights of individuals residing in this country.

The Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln in September 1862 came into effect on January 01, 1863 freeing slaves in all territory still at War with the Union. These slaves are not citizens of the Land and had no political rights of their own. In Law, Servitude or Slavery refers to the burden imposed upon property of a person by a specified right another has in its use. Servitude involves labor in which the person who performs labor has no right to his earnings from labor. The amended Social Security Act unconstitutionally gives power to Social Security Administration to withhold property(wage, earnings, monthly retirement income benefits) of alien workers without obtaining formal approval by US Court of Law. This amended Social Security Act does not uphold the Constitution as the Supreme Law of this Land.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

Speaker.gov

Press Release

The 150th Anniversary of the 13th Amendment

December 9, 2015|Speaker Ryan’s Press Office

WASHINGTON – Earlier today, at a ceremony in Emancipation Hall of the United States Capitol Visitor Center, President Obama and leaders of Congress commemorated the 150th anniversary of the 13th amendment to the Constitution. Following are House Speaker Paul Ryan’s (R-WI) remarks at the ceremony, as prepared for delivery:
The Thirteenth Amendment is just 43 words long. It is so short that, when you read it, you can almost miss the whole significance. You have to stop and remind yourself that 600,000 people died in the Civil War—600,000 died over 43 words. Or to be more precise, they died in a war that decided whether those 43 words would ever be written.

And not everyone supported the Thirteenth Amendment. There was fierce opposition. But I think it is telling that when the state of Maryland held a referendum to abolish slavery, it was the votes of Union soldiers that put it over the top. It was the men who had been in the field and heard the battle cries and seen heroic deeds. They knew, better than most, that everyone in that field was an American.

A private in the 89th Illinois put it best. He wrote, “I have often [heard] of men say that they would not fight beside a negro soldier but . . . the whites and blacks charged together and they fell just as well as [we] did. . . . I have seen a great [many] fighting for our country. Then why should they not be free[?]”

It took a war for us to answer that question. We should be honest with ourselves. It took centuries of cruelty and injustice. But today we celebrate the moment when our country decided: Yes, they should be free. They would be free. And we thought this decision was so important that for the first time in half a century, we amended the Constitution. From then on, it would be the supreme law of the land.

And so today we celebrate this 43-word amendment, this “new birth of freedom.” “It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.” And we should remember all that it took: the historic battles, the great generals, yes—but also the men in the ranks, the names we have forgotten, especially the men who had once been enslaved: men like William H. Carney and Andrew Jackson Smith.

These men were segregated. They were mistreated. And yet they still fought. They fought for a country that had denied them their freedom. They fought for all of us. And so when we read those 43 short and simple words, we should remember these men and what they did. We should realize those words, like their acts, are gallant, noble, profound. We have witnessed true greatness in this country. And when we ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, we committed ourselves to building a country just as great.

That is what those 43 words mean. That is what they represent. And that is more than worthy of celebration. Thank you.

Tags: U.S. Capitol, Ceremony, Constitution

Contact

H-232 The Capitol
Washington D.C. 20515
P: (202) 225-0600
F: (202) 225-5117

Copyright © 2015 Office of the Speaker of the House

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On www.house.gov

On georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu

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MERRY CHRISTMAS TO SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION – KEEP THE TAX

I extend Merry Christmas Greetings to Social Security Administration for they can keep my tax. I cannot enter ‘The Kingdom of Heaven’ for I paid taxes to Government all my lifetime.

I spent lifetime paying taxes; “And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is Love.”(Saint Paul’s First Letter to Corinthians 13:13)

PAYING TAXES TO SOCIAL SECURITY – PAYING TAXES TO CAESAR

In 1935 United States enacted Social Security Act and the Federal Insurance Contributions Act of 1935 mandates funding public programs like Social Security and Medicare. When I pay Federal, State, Local, Social Security, and Medicare taxes, it reminds me of what Jesus had instructed about Paying Taxes to Caesar. “Then Jesus said to them, ‘Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s’.”(Gospel According to Saint Mark 12:13-17; Gospel According to Saint Matthew 22:15-22) What is given to Caesar or Government will not save man from Death. When all taxes are fully paid, man cannot hope to get deliverance from Caesar or Government. I have to keep those three things that endure during the rest of my life. I have to keep my Faith in God, I have to keep my Hope in God, and I have to keep my Love of God. I cannot live my mortal life keeping Faith in my Social Security Tax I paid, I cannot finish my earthly existence keeping Hope in my Social Security Tax I paid, and I cannot prepare myself for Life Everlasting keeping my Trust and Love of Social Security Administration that manages Public Trust Funds.

THERE IS NO SECURITY IN SOCIAL SECURITY

I have to find Peace not from as the world gives; I cannot find Peace from Taxes paid to Social Security; I find Peace from a simple assurance given by Jesus, “Peace I leave with you; My Peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your heart be troubled and do not be afraid.”(Gospel According to Saint John 14:27)

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

MERRY CHRISTMAS TO SOCIAL SECURITY – JUST KISS AND SAY GOODBYE

On www.turnbacktogod.com

This Holiday Season, I wish to greet Social Security a Merry Christmas, and give her a KISS and say GOODBYE.

On spreadjesus.org

I am inspired by a thought shared by Jesus as mentioned in the Gospel According to Saint LUKE, Chapter 6, verses 34 and 35. I cannot find Peace by expecting Social Security to repay my Earning Credits and grant me my monthly Retirement Income Benefit.

On cards.boomerang.nl

The term ‘TAX’ describes a compulsory payment, usually a percentage, levied on income for the support of Government. Tax is a special assessment and Tax demands or imposes a requirement to pay a percentage of income. However, the Social Security Tax is imposed by act of US Congress known as Federal Insurance Contributions Act or FICA. The term ‘CONTRIBUTION’ causes confusion as most people tend to think of ‘Contribution’ as the act of contributing something such as money given to a charity. FICA demands and imposes a Special Levy called Social Security Tax to give or provide jointly with others to finance a common fund. If Social Security is viewed as a Tax and not as Contribution to a Public Trust Fund, it will be easy to tell Social Security, “Let Us Just Kiss and Say Goodbye.”

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

FEDERAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS ACT(FICA) DEFINITION – INVESTOPEDIA

DEFINITION of ‘Federal Insurance Contributions Act – FICA’

A U.S. law requiring a deduction from paychecks and income that goes toward
the Social Security program and Medicare. Both employees and employers are
responsible for sharing the FICA payments.

BREAKING DOWN ‘Federal Insurance Contributions Act – FICA’

FICA stipulates that there is a maximum that can be allocated to Social
Security, while there is no maximum on what can go toward Medicare. Once the
maximum to Social Security is achieved, the contributor’s FICA payment will
not increase the Social Security portion but will continue to increase the
contribution to Medicare. The amount of the FICA payment depends on the
income of the contributor; the higher the income, the higher the FICA
payment.

If FICA states, for example, that 12.4% of your salary goes toward Social
Security and 2.9% goes toward Medicare, half of the payment is made by you
and the other half by your employer. This means you pay 7.65% (6.2% and
1.45%) of your income, while your employer pays the other 7.65%.
Self-employed people, on the other hand, must pay the full amount, but
half – which would represent the employer’s half – is a deductible business
expense.

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BLESSED CHRISTMAS ON FULL MOON DAY

On this 2015 Christmas Day, I am specially blessed for it happened on Full Moon Day. I feel a sense of Joy that relieves my burden. The thought that uplifted my soul today is from The Gospel According to Saint Matthew, Chapter 11, Verse.28: ” Come to Me, all who labor and are heavy burdened, and I will give you rest.”

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

INVESTMENT UNDERGROUND

Rare full moon makes an appearance on Christmas Day

Asteroid To Pass By Earth On Christmas Eve

ROGELIO ESTRADA 25 December, 2015.

The final full moon of the year is also called the Full Cold Moon because it happens during the start of winter.

According to NASA, there won’t be another full moon on Christmas Day until 2034 – so even if you’re in a food coma after Christmas Dinner, it’s worth looking out the window to try and catch a glimpse of it.

“Amazingly, the moon’s phases recur on [or near] the same calendar dates every 19 years”.

Space enthusiasts can expect two spectacular gifts this holiday season, including an asteroid that will be passing by Earth today and a full moon on December 25. When the moon turns full, it will be the first full moon to fall on Christmas day since 1977.

The almost full-moon is seen among Christmas lights at a holiday display Thursday, Dec. 24, 2015, in Lenexa, Kan.

Finland’s Ursa Astronomical Association, the oldest and largest amateur astronomy association in the country, states on its website that a full moon will shine down on Finland the night of December 25th. The moon’s peak this year will occur at 6:11 a.m. EST.

“The geologic history of the moon and Earth are intimately tied together such that the Earth would be a dramatically different planet without the moon”.

If you were lucky enough to get a telescope for Christmas then great, but a simple pair of binoculars can provide an awesome view of the moon – the various craters and markings on the surface will be much more visible.

LRO has collected a treasure trove of data with its seven powerful instruments, making an invaluable contribution to our knowledge about the moon.

Rare Christmas Full Moon Will Be the First Since 1977

© 2015 Investment Underground. All rights reserved.

MERRY CHRISTMAS SOCIAL SECURITY – GREETINGS FROM LAWFULLY PRESENT SENIOR ALIEN

On bibleversewallpapercreations.blogspot.com

Blessings on this Christmas Day are inspired by a promise given by Jesus, “Come to Me, all who labor and are heavy burdened, and I will give you rest.”(The Gospel According to Saint Matthew, Chapter 11, Verse 28)

The term ‘LABOR’ refers to work performed to earn a wage. A characteristic of all labor is that it consumes some part of the short days and years of human life. For labor consumes time, Labor Law includes old age and retirement income benefits. In Law, Servitude refers to labor in which the person who performs labor has no right to his earnings from labor. U.S. Social Security Administration’s Administrative Law Judge(ALJ), SSA, Office of Disability Adjudication and Review(ODAR), Livonia, Michigan 48152 issued Notice of Unfavorable Decision on December 04, 2015 to deny benefits to Senior Alien who applied on July 03, 2014 for a period of Disability and Disability Insurance benefits. The Judge(ALJ) alleges that Senior Alien is not lawfully present in the country who is continuously paying Federal, State, Social Security, and Medicare taxes since 1986 as mandated by Federal Insurance Contributions Act or FICA. Administrative Law Judge(ALJ) of SSA gave this Unfair, and Unjust Decision, a Decision that is not consistent with Immigration and Nationality Act. ALJ failed to interpret Code of Federal Regulations, 8 CFR 1.3 that describes eligibility criteria of Lawfully Present Aliens for purposes of applying for Social Security Disability benefits.

On November 06, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed into law the ‘Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986(IRCA) which created a “Legalization” program under Section 245A of the Immigration and Nationality Act(Act). It allowed for certain aliens to apply for Adjustment of Status. On December 21, 2000, President Bill Clinton signed into law the legal Immigration Family Equity Act(LIFE Act), which provides for numerous different immigration benefits under a modified version of Section 245A of the Act. Both IRCA of 1986 and LIFE Act of 2000 provide for the same ‘CONFIDENTIALITY’ provisions as per Section 245a.21 of the Act. Section 265 of the Act requires nonimmigrants to register with the Service(Department of Homeland Security). Nonimmigrants have to comply with the change of address notification as per Section 237(a)(3)(A) of the Act.

Department of Homeland Security(DHS) knows about the Presence of Senior Alien for he had registered with the Service as mandated by Law. DHS cannot take action such as sending a ‘Notice to Appear’, or initiate Removal or Exclusion Proceedings against certain Alien Non-Immigrants whose stay in the country is protected or shielded by ‘Confidentiality’ provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act. The Law has established a policy to permit certain Non-Immigrant Aliens to stay in the country by specifically prohibiting DHS from taking adverse action that may affect their continuous stay in the country. For that reason, in my analysis, some Nonimmigrants such as Senior Alien are lawfully present in the country. It will be utterly ridiculous to suggest that Immigration and Nationality Act defends “Unlawful Presence” of Non-Immigrant Aliens in this country.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

CORNELL UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL

8 CFR 1.3 – Lawfully present aliens for purposes of applying for Social Security benefits.

§ 1.3 Lawfully present aliens for purposes of applying for Social Security benefits.

(a) Definition of the term an “alien who is lawfully present in the United States.” For the purposes of 8 U.S.C. 1611(b)(2) only, an “alien who is lawfully present in the United States” means:

(1) A qualified alien as defined in 8 U.S.C. 1641(b);

(2) An alien who has been inspected and admitted to the United States and who has not violated the terms of the status under which he or she was admitted or to which he or she has changed after admission;

(3) An alien who has been paroled into the United States pursuant to section 212(d)(5) of the Act for less than 1 year, except:

(i) Aliens paroled for deferred inspection or pending removal proceedings under section 240 of the Act; and

(ii) Aliens paroled into the United States for prosecution pursuant to 8 CFR 212.5(b)(3);

(4) An alien who belongs to one of the following classes of aliens permitted to remain in the United States because DHS has decided for humanitarian or other public policy reasons not to initiate removal proceedings or enforce departure:

(i) Aliens currently in temporary resident status pursuant to section 210 or 245A of the Act;

(ii) Aliens currently under Temporary Protected Status (TPS) pursuant to section 244 of the Act;

(iii) Cuban-Haitian entrants, as defined in section 202(b) ofPub. L. 99-603, as amended;

(iv) Family Unity beneficiaries pursuant to section 301 ofPub. L. 101-649, as amended;

(v) Aliens currently under Deferred Enforced Departure (DED) pursuant to a decision made by the President;

(vi) Aliens currently in deferred action status;

(vii) Aliens who are the spouse or child of a United States citizen whose visa petition has been approved and who have a pending application for adjustment of status;

(5) Applicants for asylum under section 208(a) of the Act and applicants for withholding of removal under section 241(b)(3) of the Act or under the Convention Against Torture who have been granted employment authorization, and such applicants under the age of 14 who have had an application pending for at least 180 days.

(b) Non-issuance of a Notice to Appear and non-enforcement of deportation, exclusion, or removal orders. An alien may not be deemed to be lawfully present solely on the basis of DHS’s decision not to, or failure to:

(1) Issue a Notice to Appear; or

(2) Enforce an outstanding order of deportation, exclusion or removal.

The text on the eCFR tab represents the unofficial eCFR text at ecfr.gov.
§ 1.3 Lawfully present aliens for purposes of applying for Social Security benefits.
(
a) Definition of the term an “alien who is lawfully present in the United States.” For the purposes of 8 U.S.C. 1611(b)(2) only, an “alien who is lawfully present in the United States” means:
(1) A qualified alien as defined in 8 U.S.C. 1641(b);

(2) An alien who has been inspected and admitted to the United States and who has not violated the terms of the status under which he or she was admitted or to which he or she has changed after admission;

(3) An alien who has been paroled into the United States pursuant to section 212(d)(5) of the Act for less than 1 year, except:

(i) Aliens paroled for deferred inspection or pending removal proceedings under section 240 of the Act; and

(ii) Aliens paroled into the United States for prosecution pursuant to 8 CFR 212.5(b)(3);

(4) An alien who belongs to one of the following classes of aliens permitted to remain in the United States because DHS has decided for humanitarian or other public policy reasons not to initiate removal proceedings or enforce departure:

(i) Aliens currently in temporary resident status pursuant to section 210 or 245A of the Act;

(ii) Aliens currently under Temporary Protected Status (TPS) pursuant to section 244 of the Act;

(iii) Cuban-Haitian entrants, as defined in section 202(b) of Pub. L. 99-603, as amended;

(iv) Family Unity beneficiaries pursuant to section 301 of Pub. L. 101-649, as amended;

(v) Aliens currently under Deferred Enforced Departure (DED) pursuant to a decision made by the President;

(vi) Aliens currently in deferred action status;

(vii) Aliens who are the spouse or child of a United States citizen whose visa petition has been approved and who have a pending application for adjustment of status;

(5) Applicants for asylum under section 208(a) of the Act and applicants for withholding of removal under section 241(b)(3) of the Act or under the Convention Against Torture who have been granted employment authorization, and such applicants under the age of 14 who have had an application pending for at least 180 days.

(b) Non-issuance of a Notice to Appear and non-enforcement of deportation, exclusion, or removal orders. An alien may not be deemed to be lawfully present solely on the basis of DHS’s decision not to, or failure to:

(1) Issue a Notice to Appear; or

(2) Enforce an outstanding order of deportation, exclusion or removal.

This is a list of United States Code sections, Statutes at Large, Public Laws, and Presidential Documents, which provide rulemaking authority for this CFR Part.

This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing
Office].
It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site.

On www.thebibleverseoftheday.org

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BHARAT DARSHAN – RAM SETU – WORLD HERITAGE SITE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgSINZO_VuI

India’s epic poem Valmiki Ramayan describes building of a Causeway across the narrow strait that separates India and Sri Lanka. Apart from literary evidence, there is evidence particularly gathered by satellite images to verify the fact of a Causeway built over shallow waters. This historical construction may belong to 5076 BCE and this site deserves protection as World Heritage Site just like the Pyramids or Taj Mahal. In the past, Supreme Court of India restrained Government of India from constructing a shipping channel called ‘Sethu Samudram’ and the project was suspended. In my view, Government of India has no right to destroy this site for purposes of building a shipping channel.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

RAM SETU – Engineering Marvel of 5076 BCE...

Rama Seth ( RAMA BRIDGE ).
An Engineering Marvel of 5076 BCE , 9 Min.

Rama Setu – An Engineering Marvel of 5076 BCE www.youtube.com The Government of India has decided to go ahead with its plans for building a shipping channel by breaking the Rama Setu, the oldest man-made bridge of our …

This film brings to light the layers of bridge construction, and the month and the year, when the Rama Setu ( bridge ) was built . Watch it
and share it with others. It is not just another story, but a 7100 year old
engineering marvel of our INDIAN – CIVILIZATION.

Related Article: LAMPOONING HINDU BELIEFS HAS BECOME ORDER OF THE DAY

NEW YEAR GREETINGS – WISDOM TO GUIDE IN 2016

I seek wisdom to guide me in 2016 from thoughts shared by Saint Paul in his first letter to the Church at Corinth.

I seek wisdom to guide me in 2016 from 1 Corinthians, Chapter 1, Verse 19: “For it is written:

“I will destroy the wisdom of the wise;

the intelligence of the intelligent I will frustrate.”

I seek wisdom to guide me in 2016 from 1 Corinthians, Chapter 1, Verse 20:

“Where is the wise man? Where is the scholar? Where is the philosopher of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world?”

I seek wisdom to guide me in 2016 from 1 Corinthians, Chapter 1, Verse 21:

“For since in the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom did not know him, God was pleased through the foolishness of what was preached to save those who believe.”

I seek wisdom to guide me in 2016 from 1 Corinthians, Chapter 1, Verse 25:

“For the foolishness of God is wiser than man’s wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than man’s strength.”

I seek wisdom to guide me in 2016 from 1 Corinthians, Chapter 2, Verses 4 and 5:

“My message and my preaching were not with wise and persuasive words, but with a demonstration of the Spirit’s power, so that your faith might not rest on men’s wisdom, but on God’s power.”

I seek wisdom to guide me in 2016 from 1 Corinthians, Chapter 3, Verse 19:

“For the wisdom of this world is foolishness in God’s sight. As it is written: ‘He catches the wise in their craftiness.'”

I seek wisdom to guide me in 2016 from 1 Corinthians, Chapter 3, Verse 20:

“and again, ‘The Lord knows that the thoughts of the wise are futile.'”

I wish all my readers a Very Happy New Year 2016, for my thoughts and my words are futile, I ask you to seek Wisdom from God’s Power.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

WHAT IS SPACE?

On chandra.harvard.edu

Space is defined as three-dimensional, continuous expanse extending in all directions and containing all matter; variously thought of as boundless or indeterminately finite. As far as living things are concerned, they define their existence by separating from space that surrounds them as they need to constantly define and defend the boundaries of their identity called ‘SELF’ and prevent intrusion or invasion by ‘Non-Self’. Living things need ‘Living Space’. To some extent, the same rule may govern identity of celestial bodies for they need to maintain their originality taking advantage of ‘Space’ that surrounds them. They always exist in relationship with dimension called space. It is a dimension which man finds difficult to manipulate. For example, I have no ability to create a miniature Solar System; I can easily manipulate the size of celestial bodies to make a miniature Solar System, but the problem comes with creating enough Space to hold the System together. I have no idea as to what Indian Space scientists think about ‘SPACE’. As we explore ‘Outer Space’, man has to come to a better understanding of Living Space he needs to keep his existence.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

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From : Better India Newsletter

​​
Here’s What These Really Cool ISRO Scientists

Have to Say about Work, Motivation… And Space!

Vandita Kapoor
December 30, 2015

​

Hello The Better India readers! Here is today’s edition of positive news :)

Here’s What These Really Cool ISRO Scientists Have to Say about Work, Motivation… And Space! Dec 30, 2015 04:17 pm | Vandita Kapoor Scientists from ISRO — India’s apex space agency — recently went on Reddit to answer questions posed by people of the internet, and they had the most amazing answers! Here are the highlights.

Indian scientists from ISRO are here — to answer all your burning questions
about India’s premier (and if these guys have it right, incredibly fun to work at!)
space agency.

They did an unofficial AMA (Ask Me Anything) on Reddit recently — a Q&A session
open to the public. Here are some of the responses we loved:

1. When they pointed out the right way to show support:

“Pay your taxes.”

2. When they highlighted an underrated ISRO project:

“Everything NRSC does, basically. Just go to their site and look at all the disaster management (or other) remote sensing work they do!”

NRSC is the National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad, and this is their website.

3. When they had this answer to someone who asked them

the purpose of a “huge” crane on top of one of their buildings:

“It does what a crane does: lifts objects.”

4. When they outlined a typical day in the life of an ISRO software engineer:

Short answer: like a day in the life of any other software engineer.

“Not very different from any other programmer’s except for the fact that there is a slight lag in the adoption of new technologies. This is partly due to heritage inertia and partly due to the fact that function is preferred over form. If it ain’t broke…

It also depends on the kind of work you get. Development is always exciting. So is stuff like implementing a new network end-to-end, which will push you to learn stuff way beyond what you’ve previously been comfortable with.”

Source: Reddit

5. When they provided this realistic assessment of the

pure science job industry in India:

“Do or do not, there is no job safety (in pure sciences, if you don’t want to be a prof)”

This is something we’re hoping can change!

6. When they told us what working at ISRO feels like:

“The force is strong with this organisation
(plus 7th CPC makes things slightly better for the wallet too).”

7. When they were asked about any changes in ISRO’s relationship

with the new government:

“Positive. Mostly to do with focus on 5 year targets and increasing number of launches of PSLV/GSLV and ‘productionisation’”

8. When they shared their vision for the future of ISRO:

“I think ISRO, like any other conscious organisation seeking to minimise waste and costs, should start looking at individual tasks like services and should either extradite non essential processes to the private sector or form a separate, faster production entity for it. ISRO should not do things because it has done them or because it can do them. ISRO should do them if no one else can do it for ISRO or because no one else can do it cheaper.
In doing this, the focus will inevitably shift to research and talent will be better allocated too. The best minds shall be decoupled from the routine and put to good use in challenging tasks and situations.”

9. When they told us something (anything!) about the human

spaceflight programme:

“Human Space Flight is going to the initial process of prototyping and testing”

10. When they gave this answer to someone who asked them

if ISRO and DRDO had a joint programme:

“If I tell you, I will have to kill you.”

Don’t be so darned adorable, you folks at ISRO!

11. When someone asked them how many hours scientists put in

for the Mars Orbiter Mission — and they gave this amazing answer:

“18-20 hours part, true. In fact it doesn’t end there. Some people worked 18-20 hours. More people worked 14-16 hours and even more people worked for 10-12 hours. You get the idea. The primary motivation was the opportunity of working on something larger than yourself, larger than life and the opportunity to contribute towards that something large, however small the contribution itself may be. We knew that every improvement and test, every component and process, every circuit and line of code was the responsibility of its contributor and only if executed to perfection, could lead to the success that MOM became given the constraints we had. A budget crippled organisation of an experience lacking nation on a tight schedule pulling off an impossible feat in the first attempt: we wanted to be a part of that story. Of course better paying jobs are out there, and of course there are spells of doubt. But in this line of work, motivation is not hard to find. S pace is an inviting endlessness where the innate human desire to explore meets uncertainty and hostility: it is my definition of an adventure.”

YES, ANONYMOUS ISRO SCIENTIST ! We can truly think of nothing more adventurous than plumbing the mysterious
and awesome depths of space.

12. When they had this exciting (and we’re hoping… realistic) answer to

what space progress should look like:

“10 years: Robotic base on Mars; 20 years: Human base on Mars,
scaling of ion propulsion 30 years: Colonisation of Mars, cheaper launches,
space tourism becomes routine 40 years: We finally start doing something
substantial about the space debris problem, Space mining for real 50 years:
Spotting an exoplanet to explore by a probe, space bungalow (complete
with a study) for parking my retired behind.”

Owning a space bungalow is now also my long-term goal.

13. When they spoke about the ISRO “lifestyle”:

“Lifestyle? I’m as simple and normal as just about anyone else. It is true that there are a lot of dedicated people working at this organisation. The kind of culture that exists in ISRO pushes its employees into a perpetual competition with each other. But reaching a goal always demands a group of people working together. The amount of co-ordination that goes between different divisions of an ISRO unit, units of a ISRO centre and different centres is amazing even though there’s room for disagreement. It is this spirit of teamwork that keeps the company moving. And regarding hopelessness or rather work stress, it is very much advisable to convert challenges into opportunities. I work out to reduce stress and that helps a lot besides making you physically healthier. There are
other ways too. The best advice is to be as frugal and efficient as possible.”

14. And finally, when they told us the best part about working at ISRO:

Quoting this in the middle of conversations – It’s not rocket science

Alright!
Thanks, guys! You do us proud every day.
You can read the entire AMA here.​

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SOCIAL SECURITY – APPEALS COUNCIL – OFFICE OF DISABILITY ADJUDICATION AND REVIEW, FALLS CHURCH, VA – LETTER FROM LAWFULLY PRESENT NONIMMIGRANT ALIEN

I am sharing this letter to invite Law School Students to review the request sent to Social Security Administration, Appeals Council, Office of Disability Adjudication and Review, 5107 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, Virginia, 22041. This Claim for Disability Insurance Benefits uses principles drawn from Natural Law, Constitutional Law, Labor Law, apart from dealing with aspects of Social Security Law and Immigration Law. I spoke to at least twelve different attorneys to get some basic understanding of Social Security Law and Immigration Law. I will appreciate if you can decide this issue like a Juror and I am hopeful that I included all relevant portions of a Decision dated 04 December, 2015, proclaimed by Social Security Administration, Administrative Law Judge, Office of Disability Adjudication and Review, Livonia, Michigan, 48152.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

LAWFULLY PRESENT NONIMMIGRANT ALIEN’S LETTER TO SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, APPEALS COUNCIL, OFFICE OF DISABILITY ADJUDICATION AND REVIEW, 5107 LEESBURG PIKE, FALLS CHURCH, VIRGINIA, 22041

January 08, 2016.

Appeals Council

Office of Disability Adjudication and Review

5107 Leesburg Pike,

Falls Church, VA 22041-3255.

Dear Sir,

1. I am (Claimant), writing this letter to request the Appeals Council to review the action, dated December 04, 2015, (Decision) of Social Security Administration(SSA), Administrative Law Judge, Office of Disability Adjudication and Review, Livonia, Michigan 48152(SSA/Livonia ODAR).

2. This written request for Review by the Appeals Council is necessary because of the following reasons:

A. Decision is unlawful for it is not consistent with ‘Applicable Law’.

B. Decision refuses to give attention to ‘Applicable Law’ and thereby demonstrates Contempt of Law.

C. Decision maintains silence without concern for SSA’s Notice of Action that violates U.S. Code, Title

18, Chapter. 77 indicating inability to interpret ‘Applicable Law’.
D. Decision is formulated by Social Security Program Operations Manual System (POMS) (Refer to RS.

00204.020C.4), online “SAVE” Query which is flawed. POMS is not designed to verify Lawful

Presence of Nonimmigrant Alien who receives ‘Benefit’ when ‘Application’ is registered by DHS,

‘Benefit’ granted by Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) under Confidentiality Provisions, Title

8, CFR, Part 245a.21, and Family Unity Provisions, 8 CFR, Part 245a.30, Public Law 106-554.

E. Decision is not impartial; Decision is not just and fair for it violates core principle of Constitutional

Law that demands Equal Treatment under Law.

F. Decision revolves around redundant, superfluous, and unnecessary argument about Lawful Residency whereas Claimant filed Benefit Application (Confirmation Number 29541272) on June 26, 2014 claiming no citizenship or Legal Residence Status.

G. Decision fails to analyze factual evidence that supports Lawful Presence of Claimant with reference to Title 8, CFR, Part 1, Section. 3.

3. Claimant requests the Appeals Council to address serious concerns posed by Decision, the details are as follows:

I. JURISDICTIONAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

a. Decision reads, “Because Claimant did not show proof of lawful residency in the United States, and the field office could not verify his immigration status, his benefits were suspended.”

Claimant’s Remarks:

i. Claimant never claimed either citizenship or lawful resident status. Decision is not consistent with factual evidence already known to SSA or shared with SSA.

ii. SSA’s Notice of Award dated August 16, 2014 suspending monthly payment imposes condition called Compulsory Service, Labor Against Will, Forced Labor, Involuntary Servitude, Slavery, and Serfdom as defined by U.S. Code Title 18, Chapter 77, Section. 1581, Section. 1584, and Section. 1589.

iii. This suspension of monthly benefit payment fails to meet the standards for Equal Treatment at Workplace. US Labor Law in principle demands Equality of Treatment of all Employees irrespective of their nationality, or country of origin. Labor Law provides protection to hourly wage earners in respect of Wages, Earnings, working conditions, occupational injury, occupational disease, Disability, and Retirement Income Benefits. For Labor consumes short hours and days of life, aging and its related consequence called senescence acquired under influence of time spent laboring demand Equal Protection sanctioned by Law. SSA need to discuss this Claim with US Department of Justice, US Department of Labor and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to ascertain if the Notice of Award is consistent with US Laws.

b. Decision reads, “After his request for hearing, Claimant requested that a decision be made on the record and did not attend the hearing scheduled for October 28, 2015.”

Claimant’s Remarks:
i. Claimant requests a decision be made based on evidence consistent with criteria for ‘Lawful Presence.’

ii. Claimant claims the benefit of Right to Life granted by the US Constitution, Supreme Law of the Land. As such, there is no dispute about Claimant’s Physical Presence in the US. For this reason, US Constitutional Law is ‘Applicable Law’ to settle this Claim.

iii. Claimant states that he is not a convicted felon and SSA’s action violates Bill of Rights protection granted by the 13th Amendment.

iv. Claimant submitted ‘Waiver of Your Right to Personal Appearance Before an Administrative Law Judge’ (Form OMB No. 0960-0284) that states, “While claiming that my presence and employment in the US is known to Government, I am not in a position to speak, to answer, or to testify in response to questions about Immigration Status (Refer to ‘Benefit’ granted by Title 8, CFR Part 245a.21) as the issue may be resolved by Executive Action by the US President (Refer to Deferred Enforced Departure – ‘DED’ provision of Title 8, CFR, Part 1, Section.3, para 4 v), Immigration Reform if approved [Refer to Adjustment of
Nonimmigrant Classification of INA, Section. 274a.12(c)], or by a resolution in a Federal Court of Law in accordance with Law that sanctions due process.

v. Claimant submitted a written summary dated November 07, 2014 to SSA-Livonia ODAR stating that immigrant status (Lawful Permanent Resident or Temporary Resident Status) is not required to file Claim for Social Security Benefits, and presented evidence in proof of Lawful Presence. This evidence includes, documents to show Claimant is registered by DHS (Refer to INA Section. 245A, registered Application Form I-687L and I-485) and is issued Alien Registration Number, documents to show Claimant is in compliance with requirement of Change of Address Notification (Refer to 8 CFR, Section 237(a)(3)(A), documents to show Claimant’s Nonimmigrant Classification, and Category such as 8 CFR 274a.12(c)(22), and 8 CFR 274a.12(c)(24), the Section of Law(INA) that defines the basis for Alien’s US Lawful Presence.

vi. Claimant could not present himself at his hearing on October 28, 2014 for he is not a ‘free’ citizen and he requested SSA-Livonia ODAR to obtain permission from the Government to authorize alien’s personal appearance is ignored.

II. APPLICABLE LAW

a. Decision reads, “For an individual to be eligible for retirement benefits, he or she must show proof of lawful residency in the United States, if such proof is not provided, an individual will not be paid benefits.”

Claimant’s Remarks:

This statement lacks legal validity for it cites Law that is not applicable to this Claim. In fact, Law has provisions to pay Social Security Benefits to certain Nonimmigrant Aliens ‘Lawfully Present’ in the country.

b. Decision reads, “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no monthly benefit under this title shall be payable to any alien in the United States for any month during which such alien is not lawfully present in the United States as determined by the Attorney General (Sec. 202(y).”

Claimant’s Remarks:

The statement found in Social Security Act displays Contempt of Constitutional Law. Section. 202(y) of Social Security Act is founded upon false presumption of infallibility of bills enacted by legislation in the US Congress and signed into Law. The Appeals Council may kindly grant me permission to test and verify Constitutional validity of Social Security Act as amended.

III. FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

a. Decision reads, “Claimant has been asked several times to supply documentation that he is lawfully present in the United States. He has not done so. To verify his legal residency, Claimant could provide his I-94 or I-551, neither of which he has done. In fact, Claimant has not provided any proof of lawful presence to substantiate his claim that he is in the United States lawfully.”

Claimant’s Remarks:

The statement is not consistent with ‘Findings of Fact’ discussed in subsequent paragraphs of this part of Decision. The statement has no merit and can only be described as false utterance. Further, Claimant submits that SSA field offices issued valid, current Social Security Number during August 1986, October 1986, February 1987, December 1988, February 1989 and September 1990.

b. Paragraph 3 of Decision reads, “None of the provided documents are deemed “acceptable” (See also RS 00204. 025).”

Claimant’s Remarks:

POMS, online “SAVE” Query system is not designed to handle verification of information that pertains to ‘Lawful Presence’ of this Claimant. SSA can easily verify Employment Authorization Document (EAD) without concern for any expiration date shown on the face of those documents. These documents show that the Claimant is duly registered and his place of residence is known to DHS; apart from personal and biometric information, EAD records Nonimmigrant Alien’s Category such as (c)(22), or (c)( 24) which specifically relate to the Section of INA that provides the basis for Alien’s Lawful Presence in the US. Apparently, SSA-Livonia ODAR has not recognized the value of EAD as a source of information to determine Nonimmigrant Alien Classification [Refer to INA Section
274a.12(c)].

c. Paragraph 4 of Decision reads, “Based on the foregoing, Claimant has not established that he is lawfully present in the United States.”

Claimant’s Remarks:

i. For the purposes of Title 8, U.S.C. 1611(b) (2) only an alien who is lawfully present in the United States means: 2. “an alien who has been inspected and admitted to the United States and who has not violated the terms of the status under which he or she was admitted or to which he or she changed after admission.” AND, 4. “An alien who belongs to one of the following classes of aliens permitted to remain in the United States because DHS has decided for humanitarian or other Public Policy reasons not to initiate removal proceedings or enforce departure.” 4. (iv) “Family Unity beneficiaries pursuant to Section 301 of Public Law. 101-649 as amended.

ii. The grant of Family Unity Benefits provides a period of Authorized Stay Such That the Beneficiary Is Not Accruing Unlawful Presence within the Scope of INA Section 212(a)(9)(B). This Authorized Period of Stay begins as of the date the Application Form was filed. Accordingly, a Family Unity Beneficiary will not accrue Unlawful Presence as long as he or she retains Family Unity Protection.

iii. Title 8, CFR, Section 245a.37 describes rules for ‘Termination of Family Unity Benefits.’ Para(2) reads, “The Beneficiary commits an act or acts which render him or her ineligible for Family Unity Benefits under the LIFE Act Amendments;” Para(4)(b) describes ‘Notice Procedure’ to Terminate Family Unity Benefits. “Notice of Intent to Terminate, and of the grounds there of shall be served pursuant to the provisions of 8 CFR 103.8. Any Final Decision of Termination shall also be served pursuant to the provisions of 8 CFR 103.8. Para (4) (c) describes Effect of Termination of Family Unity Benefit. “Termination of Family Unity Benefits under the LIFE Act Amendments shall render the alien amenable to removal under any ground specified in Section 237 of INA including those grounds described in Section 245a. 34(a). In addition, the alien will no longer be considered to be in a period of authorized stay by the Attorney General as of the date of such termination.” INA requires Attorney General to advise in writing (Notice of Intent to Terminate) a determination prior to termination of Family Unity Benefit.

iv. This Claimant continues to stay in the United States maintaining ‘lawfully present’ status without accruing ‘unlawful presence’ until and unless Attorney General makes decision and communicates in writing any change in that Benefit. There is no reason to speculate any action as per procedure given in INA Section 245a.37 (4) (b) and provisions of 8 CFR 103.8. As of today, Claimant’s Lawfully Present status remains the same as it was on July 28, 1986 or March 14, 1990, or on February 22, 2003.

d. Paragraph 5 of Decision reads, “Notably, Claimant expressed concern about with what government entities Social Security shares its information, and did not want to appear for the hearing in person.”

Remarks of Claimant:

i. Claimant shared information in respect of his Employment History, from September 1969 to July 1986 with DHS Immigration Officer at Detroit on February 22, 2003 during Interview that was videotaped, and with SSA to file this Claim.
e. Paragraph 5 of Decision in its conclusion reads, “Such statements are not favorable to Claimant’s credibility with regard to his allegation that he is a lawful resident, but instead intimate that he is, in fact, currently an illegal immigrant waiting for that status to change by law.”This Claimant will demand ‘Lawfully Present’ Status if the US Public Policy places controls and extends period of stay. Refer to Title 8, CFR, Chapter 1, Section 3, and Paragraph 4.

Claimant’s Remarks:

This entire statement is inconsistent with facts discussed in Paragraph. 2. Apart from inconsistency, the statement clearly reflects the need for Review of Decision by the Appeals Council.

IV. DECISION

Decision reads, “Based on the application for a period of disability and disability insurance benefits protectively filed on July 3, 2014, Claimant is not eligible for such benefits due to lack of Proof of legal residency.”

Claimant’s Remarks:

It is transparent beyond all reasonable doubt to suggest that Decision is not legally valid for its conclusion is unrelated to ‘Applicable Law’. There is no evidence to show Claimant is accruing Unlawful Presence in the United States. On the contrary, it will be utterly ridiculous to suggest that a duly inspected and admitted Nonimmigrant Alien registered by DHS is Physically Present in the United States paying Federal, State, Social Security, and Medicare Taxes continuously since 1986-87, could be deriving the Benefit of Unlawful Presence from Provisions of Legal Protection duly sanctioned by Immigration and Nationality Act.

V. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, Claimant requests the Appeals Council to uphold Benefit Provisions of INA that account for Lawful Presence of Nonimmigrant Alien whose period of stay in the country is extended due to Public Policy reasons.

TAT ASMI PRABHU – NATURAL VS SUPERNATURAL DUALISM

Indian religious festival known as ‘MAKAR SANKRANTI’ is celebration of an event witnessed by man who dwells in ‘Natural’ or Terrestrial Realm recognizing Sun’s apparent journey across Sky which belongs to ‘Supernatural’ Realm. The separation and distinction between Natural and Supernatural Realm is important to understand the nature of man’s conditioned existence as a terrestrial organism. Firstly, I would extend ‘Happy Makar Sankranti Greetings to my readers and share some information about Sun’s Path across the Sky known as ECLIPTIC.

I am happy to extend my greetings to all of my readers on this festive occasion called ‘SANKRANTI’. In Indian tradition, Sun is represented as personification of the Divine Energy that sustains the life of all that lives on planet Earth. Apart from being the source of primary Energy, Sun is viewed as the Source of Knowledge and Indians seek Lord Surya, the Sun God’s blessings to illuminate their inner, mental world to banish darkness called ignorance. This would lead me to reflect about the theory of knowledge and the revolutionary change caused by Immanuel Kant in understanding our philosophic problems and procedures. In the context of our celebration of the Indian festival of ‘SANKRANTI’, I would like to pay a special tribute to Nicholas Copernicus(1457-1543) who laid the foundation for modern astronomy with his heliocentric theory of planetary motion which replaced the geocentric cosmological theory established by Ptolemy(Claudius Ptolemaeus) of 2nd century A.D. Ptolemy’s theory placed Earth motionless at the center of the universe with all celestial bodies revolving around it. Copernican system places the Sun motionless at the center of the solar system with all the planets, including Earth, revolving around it.

THE THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE – A COPERNICAN REVOLUTION:

 Copernicus caused a revolution when he discerned reflections of the Earth’s own motion in the apparent motions of the planets, and stars. To the same extent, German philosopher Immanuel Kant(1724-1804) had inaugurated a new era in the development of philosophical thought. He did comprehensive, and systematic work in Theory of Knowledge, Ethics, and Aesthetics.

Kant had altered the nature of philosophic inquiry. He had recognized the limits of the philosophical traditions of both Empiricism that stresses Experience, and Rationalism that stresses Reason. He had analyzed the tradition of Rene Descartes(Rationalism) and had clarified the tradition of Francis Bacon(Empiricism). Kant attempted to incorporate both Experience and Reason, without falling into the Skepticism of the empirical school and without embracing the unverifiable metaphysical structure of the rationalist school. He had criticized Leibniz rationalism in his book, “Critique of Pure Reason”(1781). In Kant’s view, objective reality is known only insofar as it conforms to the essential structure of the knowing mind. Only objects of experience or phenomena may be known. Things lying beyond experience or noumena are unknowable. Kant stated that the human mind provides the forms and the categories that can be used to describe experience. He held the view that the problems like the existence of God, freedom, and immortality are insoluble by scientific thought. Kant had proudly asserted that he had accomplished a Copernican Revolution in philosophy. He claimed that the subject doing the knowing constitutes, to a considerable extent, the object of knowing; i.e., that knowledge is in part constituted by the mind itself which imposes its influence upon the data of experience. Hence, knowledge is the product of the knowing subject and not a simple description of an external reality. Kant had accounted for the application of the mind’s principles to objects by showing that the objects conform to the mind; in knowing, it is not mind that confirms to things but things confirm to the mind. I have to examine this issue for its relevance to the fundamental concern about human existence.

SPIRITUALISM – A COPERNICAN REVOLUTION:

Man’s earthly existence is conditioned by constant change under the influence of Space and Time. To make Life happen, the existence has to be synchronized with the external events on which man has no control. While Earth is spinning at an amazing speed, man perceives Earth as a motionless object, and experiences the apparent motions of planets and stars. The speed of Earth’s motion is not compatible with human existence. The reality of Sun shining brightly in the sky all the time is not also helpful for human existence. Man needs alternating periods of light and darkness called day, and night. Human existence demands alternating periods of wakefulness and sleep. To experience the physical reality called existence, man needs the influence of a powerful illusion that changes the perception of reality of this world, and universe that is constantly changing, and moving. Man exists for he cannot alter the nature of this sensory experience that generates the Celestial Journey of Sun across the heavenly dome. In Indian tradition,  it is stated that the Creative Energy called “MAYA” clouds man’s sense of perception of the world experience and man has no ability to overcome the Power/Force/Energy that causes ‘ILLUSION’. The phenomena called ‘ILLUSION’ is not generated by the mind. This world experience caused by ‘ILLUSION’ has a survival value as it intends to protect man from the harsher reality of Truth. To a discerning mind it appears that man needs the guiding and regulative mechanism called Soul and Spirit to perform his living functions in a moving, and changing world. Soul establishes man’s dependence upon an external source of energy and hence Soul is always associated with the living body. The unity of man’s body and Soul could be named as the ‘God-Connection’ as this ‘Connection’ is not formulated by man’s mental, or physical work. This ‘God-Connection’ helps the Spirit to express its desire for Freedom which includes a desire to seek Freedom from the world experience called ‘Death’. If Soul and Spirit are present in the living body that exists in the earthly, material realm, it points towards the operation of the Divine Providence in this terrestrial realm. If God by the nature of His existence is present in the immanent realm, the problems of metaphysics such as Freedom, Immortality, and God’s existence do not belong to unknowable, transcendental realm. I may have to suggest that Kant could be wrong in his view about the relationship between human mind, and the world of experience. Man is fortunate for things of world experience do not always confirm to the knowing mind.

Rudra N. Rebbapragada/R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.,

Organization: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force.

http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Spirits-of-Special-Frontier-Force/362056613878227 

Related articles:

1. Are we living in a Designer Universe – Article by Astronomer John Gribbin. http://Bhavanajagat.com/2010/09/05/Are-We-Living-in-a-Designer-Universe-article-by-John-Gribbin/

2. The Grand Design By Stephen Hawking – God Did Not Create the Universe. http://Bhavanajagat.com/2010/09/09/The-Grand-Design-By-Stephen-Hawking-God-Did-Not-Create-The-Universe/

3. The Creation of Day and Night – A Synchronized Existence. http://Bhavanajagat.com/2010/04/22/The-Creation-of-Day-and-Night-A-Synchronized-Existence/

4. Earthly Existence – The Cosmic Connection. http://Bhavanajagat.com/2010/04/06/Earthly-Existence-The-Cosmic-Connection/ 

WHAT IS MILITARY INTELLIGENCE? HOW TO KNOW YOUR ENEMY?

On specials.rediff.com

I worked as Medical Officer in Armed Forces of India and Sultanate of Oman but I claim my professional experience or expertise in area called ‘Military Intelligence’ because of my lifetime regimental affiliation with military organization called ‘Special Frontier Force’ based in India. At a fundamental level, Military Intelligence is concerned with knowing your Enemy. In government operations, Intelligence involves evaluated information concerning the strength, activities, and probable course of action of its opponents. The concept of Military Intelligence is not new. To obtain knowledge of Enemy’s intentions, Intelligence Systems have been in use from ancient times. Military Service values military cooperation extended by military partners and yet such military alliance/pact/partnership and other acts of military cooperation may not conclusively exclude the possibility of an entity being ‘ENEMY’. My military training began with Art of Knowing Enemy as all military plans and actions are primarily concerned with neutralizing Enemy with or without Friend’s Support.

I am sharing an article published by Hindu Jagruti(www.hindujagruti.org) which deals with problems posed by India’s Enemy. The article titled, “ISOLATE, CONTAIN, SUFFOCATE, AND FIGHT PAKISTAN” fails to clearly identify India’s Enemies. It mentions that India is transformed into a nation of cowards. A characteristic trait of behavior called ‘cowardice’ involves secrecy. Thief is Coward by nature for he steals and robs secretly. To face any kind of military challenge from any direction, India has to get over this sense of ‘FEAR’ that shapes nature of Cowards. At Special Frontier Force, we gather military intelligence on behalf of the US Central Intelligence Agency or CIA to plan our military operations against common Enemy. The basic purpose of Military Intelligence is about knowing Enemy’s Mind, his intentions, his preparedness, his strength, and his weakness. For I am involved in Military Intelligence, I give attention to man’s mind and his mental preparation for war. As Doctor of Medicine, I examine men to judge their physical and mental fitness to fight war. This medical training to assess mental fitness to fight war helps me to analyze information relevant to Enemy’s mental fitness to fight war. I recognize the US military cooperation on one hand and to the same extent I recognize the US acting against India’s Security interests. In my analysis, isolating Pakistan is not the solution, for Pakistan’s actions are mere symptoms of an underlying disease. Pakistan exists under control of foreign domination and two major players are the US and Saudi Arabia. India cannot defend her security interests by taking actions against Pakistan as such actions will drive Pakistan more deeply to fall into the hands of Enemy. If India wants to display Courage, India has to overcome Fear, and confront real Enemy to reduce Enemy’s political, economic, military, and cultural influence in Pakistan.

At Special Frontier Force, I recognize China as Enemy but at the same time I am not afraid to acknowledge Enemy’s superior Intelligence capabilities. China does not sit back like a silent spectator. China is responding to the US influence in India by establishing military cooperation with Pakistan, Nepal, Burma, and Sri Lanka. This complex military game needs critical evaluation. India and the US are military partners to confront China and at the same time the US and Pakistan are military partners to undermine Indian Republic. This power imbalance is reflected in recent incidents like attack on IAF base in Pathankot. As things stand today, India has to seek better military cooperation with Russia to balance the US military influence in Pakistan. This is exactly what we have been doing since 1947-48 after Pakistan attacked India to capture Kashmir. Our military cooperation with Russia is not adequate. China is building roads and bridges in occupied Kashmir which is military infrastructure to fight against India. Just like Special Frontier Force that is still useful to defend Arunachal Pradesh, India and Russia have to create a new military force based in India to defend Punjab and Kashmir from acts of military aggression. Countries have rights to defend their own national interests. At the same time, India can extend economic cooperation to Pakistan to draw Pakistan away from Saudi Arabia. In that context, India has to increase economic and military cooperation with Republic of Iran to confront Saudi Arabia’s role in Pakistan.

Knowing Enemy is not too difficult. I recognize ideas and values that I share with my Friend. If Democracy, Freedom, Peace, and Justice are ideas and values that I personally cherish, I identify my Enemy as that entity who is opposed to these ideas and values.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

On www.segodnya.ua

Isolate, Contain, Suffocate and Fight Pakistan

January 10, 2016Leave a comment

Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif telephones our prime minister after a terror attack and we become happy, while his country has been protecting jihadist commander Maulana Masood Azhar since 1999.
The recent Pakistani attack on the Indian Air Force (IAF) base in Pathankot has demonstrated once again that India’s enemy is bold: it invades our territory frequently, fights for several days and kills our soldiers.
India is forced to fight the battle on its own soil, not in the enemy’s territory. After each attack, Home Minister Rajnath Singhsays: “We will give a befitting reply.” India waits for the enemy to attack so that it can offer a reply. Contrary to us, the enemy is on the offensive. India’s character is peaceful. As a result, for thousands of years, foreigners have invaded us.
Former President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam observed: “In 3000 years of our history, people from all over the world have come and invaded us, captured our lands, conquered our minds. From Alexander onwards. The Greeks, the Portuguese, the British, the French, the Dutch, all of them came and looted us, took over what was ours. Yet we have not done this to any other nation. We have not conquered anyone. We have not grabbed their land, their culture, their history tried to enforce our way of life on them.”
India has never invaded any country.
We have become a nation of cowards. We have always welcomed foreign invaders, lived with them and dined with them. It is not surprising then that India’s intellectuals, government officials, journalists and diplomats routinely advise the government to hold peace talks with Pakistan, knowing fully that this enemy will not desist.
A nation’s political and military leaders make decisions in a social atmosphere of ideas. India’s atmosphere of ideas is shaped by its journalists and commentators. Many journalists based in Delhi are also on the payroll of the Pakistani military’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), which creates and nurtures terrorist groups.
During its first year, the Modi government adopted a correct policy on the Pakistan border. For each Pakistani firing, India fought back strongly. Pakistanis were surprised. Peace ensued on the border. But the Pakistani Lobby in Delhi succeeded in convincing that Modi must visit Pakistan.
On December 25 when Modi was in Lahore, I tweeted: “After Modi’s Lahore visit, I will watch if there are terror attacks on Indian targets in Afghanistan or inside India.” Any expert could forecast that Modi’s Lahore visit will lead to terror attacks. After the Pathankot attack, the Indian Consulate in Mazar-e-Sharif was attacked, while the Indian Consulate in Jalalabad was also targeted.
Shiv Sena rightly said: Modi’s tea with Nawaz Sharif cost seven Indian soldiers in Pathankot. True that Modi went to extend a hand of friendship. But when you know the cobra sitting in a hole, you do not extend a hand of friendship; you smoke that cobra to death.
Over the past year, there were signs that India was surrendering its Pakistan policy to the fake secularism industry of Delhi. Under pressure, Modi surrendered when he sent Foreign Secretary S. Jaishankar to Islamabad in March. Modi surrendered when he sent National Security Adviser Ajit Doval to Bangkok for a secret meeting with his Pakistani counterpart.
And then the U.S. State Department took over India’s Pakistan policy. Under U.S. pressure, Modi sent Vice President Hamid Ansari to Turkmenistan in December to attend the ground-breaking ceremony of the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline.
Also, there are signs that Modi, like A.B. Vajpayee, wants to become a world leader by forging friendship with Pakistan. Before the attack in Pathankot, what was India losing by not holding talks with Pakistan? Why is it that the TAPI cannot wait for next twenty years?
If the U.S. is interested in shaping South Asia, why is it funding Pakistan’s jihadist military and its ISI, which launched attacks in Kargil, Mumbai and numerous times in Kashmir, and now in Punjab?
India’s Pakistan policy has been taken over by the Pakistani Lobby of Delhi and the U.S. State Department.
In his book Magnificent Delusions, former Pakistani ambassador to the U.S. Husain Haqqani notes that M.A. Jinnah held a meeting in May 1947, when Pakistan was still an idea, with two U.S. officials:Raymond Hare of the U.S. State Department and Thomas Weill of the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi. Jinnah told them: the creation of Pakistan was “essential to prevent ‘Hindu imperialism’ [from] spreading” to the Middle East.
Within a month of Pakistan’s creation in August 1947, Jinnah and other officials of the newly created Pakistan were interviewed by Margaret Bourke-White of LIFE magazine. Jinnah told her: “America needs Pakistan more than Pakistan needs America.” Pakistani officials told Bourke-White: “Surely America will build our army”; “Surely America will give us loans to keep Russia from walking in.”
If Bourke-White were interviewing Pakistani officials today, they would tell her this: America will fund our army to prevent terrorists. And then they would go on to create more terrorists.
Pakistan creates and nurtures terrorists with a dual aim: to keep the U.S. giving it money. To illustrate the point by current example, Pakistan began using F-16 fighter planes in Waziristan to bomb terrorists so that the U.S. will release funds for the Pakistani army. F-16 planes are meant to fight enemy states, not terrorists. In her book Fighting to the End,Christine Fair writes: “Pakistan’s efforts to employ political Islamists, and later Islamist militants in Afghanistan, began as early as the late 1950s.”
Pakistan’s use of jihadists in Kashmir in 1947-48 is well known to Indian readers. The use of jihadists was boosted by a strategy of infiltration as argued by Brig. A. A. K. Niazi, who would go on to surrender in Dhaka in 1971 to a victorious India.
Niazi wrote in 1964: “infiltration implies by-passing of enemy posts by relatively small parties which penetrate deep and unseen into the defences and converge at a pre-designated objective”; infiltration “will achieve much better results with far lesser casualties than any other form of attack.”
Over half a century since Niazi wrote these words, India is dealing with infiltration of Pakistani jihadists in Kashmir and now in Punjab.The best advice for India is: isolate this known enemy, do not have dinner with it; freeze talks and cricket with Pakistan.
The Indian strategy against this known enemy must be this: isolate, contain, suffocate and fight.

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BHARAT DARSHAN – CELEBRATION OF SIKHISM

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On Saturday, January 16, 2016, Indians celebrate birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Ji Maharaj, the Founder of ‘KHALSA PANTH’ (The Order of Pure), who gave a great message to mankind by giving not only his own life but also of his very young children to defend Righteous Action. He was born in Patna, Bihar, India on December 22, 1666. His birthday(“JAYANTI”) is celebrated in December or January or even both months in the Gregorian Calendar. The annual celebration of Guru’s Birth Day or Jayanti is based on the ‘Nanakshahi’ Calendar.

“Deh Shiva var Moheihai, Shubh Karman Tey Kabhoon Naa Taron
Naa Taron Arsoun Jab Jaye Laroun, Nischay kar Apni Jeet Karoun.”

Every man has his honest duty to sacrifice for the noble cause of victory for saving his religion and humanity for having Blessings of thy LORD!

Guru Nanak(1469 – 1539) founder of Sikh religion taught monotheism and opposed idolatry and the ‘Caste’ system. He believed in the fundamental identity of all religions and stressed religious exercises and meditation. The Tenth and Last Guru Gobind Singh(1666 – 1708), created a warrior fraternity to oppose oppression and persecution by Islamic ruler, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Guru Gobind Singh introduced Sikh practices of wearing a turban and never cutting the hair. Following the partition of British India in 1947 about 2.5 million Sikhs moved from the West Punjab Province(now part of Pakistan) to East Punjab Province in India. While religions are all same, man is misguided by his perception of other men and of their religious identity.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

Guru Nanak Jayanti: Quotes, wishes, messages, greetings to celebrate 546th birthday of first Sikh guru Guru Nanak Jayanti: Quotes, wishes, messages, greetings to celebrate 546th birthday of first Sikh guru

By SACHIN JOSE Updated: November 25, 2015 00:29 IST

Representational image.IANS

The 546th birth anniversary of the first Sikh guru Guru Nanak falls on 25 November this year. Sikhs from across the world offer prayers at Gurudwaras to celebrate the auspicious day.
The festivities start with Prabhat Pheris, which are the early morning processions that starts from the Gurudwaras and devotees will go to nearby localities and chant hymns.

In Gurudwaras, Akhand Path — a forty-eight-hour continuous reading of the Guru Granth Sahib — is also held two days before the festival.
Below are quotes by Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism:

“Even Kings and emperors with heaps of wealth and vast dominion cannot compare with an ant filled with the love of God.”
“Let no man in the world live in delusion. Without a Guru none can cross over to the other shore.”
“I am neither a child, a young man, nor an ancient; nor am I of any caste.”
“Whatever kind of seed is sown in a field, prepared in due season, a plant of that same kind, marked with the peculiar qualities of the seed, springs up in it.”
“Alone let him constantly meditate in solitude on that which is salutary for his soul, for he who meditates in solitude attains supreme bliss.”
“One cannot comprehend Him through reason, even if one reasoned for ages.”
“I bow at His Feet constantly, and pray to Him, the Guru, the True Guru, has shown me the Way.”
“Through shallow intellect, the mind becomes shallow, and one eats the fly, along with the sweets.”
“Whatever be the qualities of the man with whom a woman is united according to the law, such qualities even she assumes, like a river, united with the ocean.”
“Owing to ignorance of the rope the rope appears to be a snake; owing to ignorance of the Self the transient state arises of the individualized, limited, phenomenal aspect of the Self.”

Below are some messages and greetings on Guru Nanak Jayanti:

Satguru Nanak Pargateya
Mitti Dund Jag Chanan Hoya,
Aap ji nu Sri Guru Nanak Devji
De Gurpurab dian Lakh-Lakh Vadaiyan
HAPPY GURPURAB
Nanak Naam Jahaaz Hai
Jo Chadhe So Uttre Paar!
Happy Guru Nanak Jayanti!
On the auspicious occasion of Gurupurab I wish that you are showered with Guru Ji’s divine blessings today and forever. Happy Gurupurab
Waheguru Ji Da Khalsa…….
Waheguru Ji Di Fateh…….
A Happy GURPURAB to you all
Jyo kar suraj nikleya..
Tare chupe haner ploa..
Miti dhund jag chanan hoa..
Kaal taarn guru nanak aiya..
Gurpurb Dee Lakh Lakh Wadai..!!
Raj karega khalsa, aakee rehae naa koe,
Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh!
Happy Gurpurab….!
Nanak Naam chardi Kala
Tere Bhane Sarbat Da Bhala”
On Guru Nanak Devji’s Birthday
wishing Babajis blessings be with you
Nanak Nich kahe vichaar,
Waria na jaava ek waar,
Jo tud bhave sai bhali kaar,
Tu sada salamat nirankaar
Gurpurb Dee Lakh Lakh Wadai
Kissi Ne Pucha Tera Karobaar Kitna Hai
Kssi Ne Pucha Tera Parivaar Kitna Hai
Koi Virla Hi Puch Da Hai
Tera Guru Naal Pyaar Kitna Hai
May Guru Ji inspire you to achieve all your goals
May His blessings be with you in whatever you do!
Happy Gurpurab
“Sabhna jiya ka ek daataa
so mai visar na jaaee”
May Guru Nanak Birthday
Enlighten your heart & mind
with knowledge & sanctity
Happy Guru Nanak Jayanti!

Article Published: November 25, 2015 00:18 IST

© Copyright 2015 International Business Times, India Edition All Rights Reserved.

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